7
341 Chapter 14 Foundation Plans
6. Indicate breaks in the basement walls for
windows or doors.
7. Locate and draw the stairs leading to the
basement.
8. Show the size, spacing, and direction of
fl oor joists or trusses. Use the standard
notation.
9. Identify the location of sections required
to provide additional information about
the basement construction. Indicate the
sections on the basement plan using
standard notation.
10. Locate and draw permanent bath fi xtures
such as a toilet, tub, and sink. Also, locate
the furnace, hot water heater, water
storage tank, water softener, sump, and
fl oor drains. Not all of these items are
necessary on every plan. Steps 10 through
16 are shown in Figure 14-13.
11. Add dimensions to show all features.
Dimension interior frame walls to the
t f th ll D t di i t
Procedure
CADD
Drawing a Foundation or
Basement Plan
1. Make a copy of the fl oor plan on a new
layer in the foundation plan drawing. As
you develop the foundation plan, place
items on the appropriate layers using
the correct line width and linetype. If
you are drawing the foundation plan in
the same fi le as the other drawings in an
architectural set of drawings, place the
foundation plan on its own set of layers.
2. Draw the outside line of the foundation
walls and delete the outside line of the fl oor
plan wall, if they do not coincide. Generally,
the outside lines of the foundation walls are
identical to the outside lines of the rough
stud walls on the fl oor plan in a frame
390
Chapter 16
Review
Chapter Activities
Go to the companion website to complete
the Chapter Activities.
www.g-wlearning.com/architecture/
Summary
• Common roof designs include gable, hip,
mansard, and gambrel roofs, but several
other roof designs also exist.
• A roof is supported by rafters or roof trusses.
• Adequate ventilation in the attic space is
necessary to avoid the formation of moisture
underneath the roof sheathing.
• Flashing is used to shed water away from
areas of potential leakage.
• The roofi ng material used on a house should
have a long life and provide a waterproof
surface.
• A roof plan or a roof framing plan is
included in a set of architectural working
drawings when it is necessary to clarify
construction requirements for the roof.
Internet Resources
ATAS International
Manufacturer of metal roofs, walls, and
accessories
CertainTeed
Manufacturer of sustainable building products
Cor-A-Vent
Manufacturer of roof vents
GAF Materials
Manufacturer of residential and commercial
roofi ng materials
McElroy Metal
Manufacturer of Met-Tile (metal roofi ng that
simulates tile)
Review Questions
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Do
not write in this book.
1. Give the names of at least 10 distinct
roof types.
2. What formula is used to calculate the
fractional pitch of a roof?
3. List three things that determine rafter size.
4. What is the difference between an open
cornice and a box cornice?
5. Name the three types of roof trusses that
are most commonly used in residential
construction.
6. Explain what can happen if suffi cient
ventilation is not provided in an attic space.
7. What is the purpose of roof fl ashing?
8. How wide should the fl ashing be if the
roof slope is 5:12?
9. Identify fi ve roofi ng materials that are used
on residential structures.
10. When is a roof plan required in a set of
architectural working drawings?
Suggested Activities
1. Contact several manufacturers of roof
covering materials and ask for specifi cations
and descriptive literature about their
products. Display the literature and then
add it to the classroom collection.
2. Build a scale model of an open cornice, a
box cornice, or close cornice. Use a scale of
1″ = 1′-0″ and label the various parts. Display
your model.
3. Using CADD, design a roof for a 24′ × 36′
cottage or a small house of your choice.
Draw a roof plan and a roof framing plan.
Dimension the drawings and describe the
materials used.
4. Build scale models of three different types
of trusses. Compare their strength by
applying weight to each model until it
breaks. Write a description of your testing
procedure and record your results. Present
your data to the class.
391 Chapter 16 Roof Designs
Problem Solving
Case Study
A new client has come to your architectural
offi ce in Idaho Falls, Idaho, to discuss ideas for
her family’s new residence. She is moving to
Idaho from a metropolitan area in New York
state in order to take a new position with a law
fi rm. She has requested a Southwest-style fl at
roof for her new house.
Given this preliminary information regarding
the requested roof design, answer the following
questions.
1. Why might a fl at roof be a poor choice in
Idaho Falls?
2. What type of roof design would you
recommend for this client?
Certifi cation Prep
The following questions are presented in the style
used in the American Design Drafting Association
(ADDA) Drafter Certifi cation Test. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following statements are true
about roof design and construction?
A. A roof truss is an assembly of members
that form a rigid framework of
triangular shapes.
B. Roof framing is designed to support
the roof covering materials.
C. Most fl at roofs are pitched at about
1/8″ to 1/2″ per foot to aid in drainage.
D. Cornices are cut to the proper
dimensions by locating the ridge cut,
seat cut, plumb cut, and tail cut.
2. Which of the following statements are false?
A. The thickness of sheathing is the same
regardless of the spacing of the rafters.
B. In a box cornice, a soffi t board encloses
the space between the end of a projecting
rafter and the wall.
C. The curved panel roof is similar to the
gable roof in style and application.
D. The clear span is the horizontal
distance from the inside of one exterior
stud wall to the inside of the opposite
exterior stud wall.
3. Match each type of roof with its description.
Roof types: 1. Gambrel, 2. Butterfl y,
3. Warped, 4. Mansard, 5. Shed
A. Similar to a fl at roof, but has more pitch.
B. Has a valley in the middle instead of
a ridge.
C. Named for a French architect.
D. Often used on barns to provide more
vertical space.
E. Has complex curvature; the most
common shape is a hyperbolic
paraboloid.
Curricular Connections
1. Social Science. To a certain extent, the
style and pitch of a roof refl ect the area of
the country in which you live. Research
three regions in the United States with
different climates, including the region in
which you live. For each region, list the
most common roof styles and their roof
pitches. Compare and contrast these roof
styles and pitches in a written report.
STEM
STEM Connections
1. Math. A client has requested a design for a
fl at-roof cottage in south Texas. The cottage
will be 32′ square. You have designed the
roof to have a pitch of 1/8″ per foot, sloping
from the front to the back of the house,
to aid in drainage. What is the difference
between the roof height at the front of the
house and the back of the house?
2. Engineering. Roof trusses allow larger areas
to be spanned with a minimum amount of
material. Conduct research to determine
why roof trusses are stronger than simple
beams or joists of the same length. Prepare
a multimedia presentation to show examples
of why this is true.
Procedures.
Detailed, step-by-step instructions for
completing architectural drawings using
manual or CADD methods.
ADDA Certifi cation Prep.
Practice questions reinforcing
chapter topics, presented in the
style of the American Design
Drafting Association (ADDA)
Drafter Certifi cation Test.
Internet Resources.
List of companies and
organizations in architecture
and construction relating to
the chapter content.
Suggested Activities.
Assignments providing opportunities to
apply drawing skills and solve problems.
Problem Solving Case Study.
Features presenting challenges that occur in
working with clients or coworkers, requiring
a design solution or course of action.
Curricular Connections.
Activities and assignments designed to relate
the book’s content to other curriculum, such
as language arts and social science.
Review Questions.
Questions designed to
reinforce the content
covered in the chapter.
STEM Connections.
Activities and assignments designed
to relate the book’s content to the
science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) education paths.