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Copyright by The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Unit 4
Multiplication of Whole
Numbers
Key Terms
carry
multiplicand
multiplication
multiplier
product
Introduction
Multiplication can be thought of as a fast way to do addition. The process involves the
repeated addition of a single number. This may seem odd at first, but look at it this way. If you
were to add 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3, the total, of course, would be 15. However, you could think of it
as, “3 taken 5 times” or “5 times the number 3.” This way of thinking works well for mental
calculations of small numbers. It speeds up the process and simplifies the problem. Many
people have memorized the multiplication facts for numbers 1 through 12 and these are often
seen in chart form as multiplication tables.
Multiplication Table
2 × 1 = 2 3 × 4 1 = 3 × 1 = 4 5 × 6 1 = 5 × 1 = 6 7 × 1 = 7
2 × 2 = 4 3 × 4 2 = 6 × 2 = 8 5 × 6 2 = 10 × 2 = 12 7 × 2 = 14
2 × 3 = 6 3 × 4 3 = 9 × 3 = 12 5 × 6 3 = 15 × 3 = 18 7 × 3 = 21
2 × 4 = 8 3 × 4 4 = 12 × 4 = 16 5 × 6 4 = 20 × 4 = 24 7 × 4 = 28
2 × 5 = 10 3 × 4 5 = 15 × 5 = 20 5 × 6 5 = 25 × 5 = 30 7 × 5 = 35
2 × 6 = 12 3 × 4 6 = 18 × 6 = 24 5 × 6 6 = 30 × 6 = 36 7 × 6 = 42
2 × 7 = 14 3 × 4 7 = 21 × 7 = 28 5 × 6 7 = 35 × 7 = 42 7 × 7 = 49
2 × 8 = 16 3 × 4 8 = 24 × 8 = 32 5 × 6 8 = 40 × 8 = 48 7 × 8 = 56
2 × 9 = 18 3 × 4 9 = 27 × 9 = 36 5 × 6 9 = 45 × 9 = 54 7 × 9 = 63
2 × 10 = 20 3 × 4 10 = 30 × 10 = 40 5 × 6 10 = 50 × 10 = 60 7 × 10 = 70
2 × 11 = 22 3 × 4 11 = 33 × 11 = 44 5 × 6 11 = 55 × 11 = 66 7 × 11 = 77
2 × 12 = 24 3 × 4 12 = 36 × 12 = 48 5 × 6 12 = 60 × 12 = 72 7 × 12 = 84
(Continued)
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