For example, your vehicle’s steering system contains the
steering wheel, steering shaft, steering gears, linkage
rods, and other parts. These parts allow you to control the
direction of the wheels and tires for maneuvering
(turning) your vehicle. Another example of a familiar
system is the brake system. This system is a group of
parts that performs a very important task—slowing and
stopping your vehicle quickly and safely.
Figure 1-2 shows the major systems of a vehicle.
Memorize the name and general location of each system.
Automotive parts and systems can be organized into ten
major categories:
• Body and frame—support and enclose the vehicle.
• Engine—provides dependable, efficient power for
the vehicle.
• Computer systems—monitor and control various
vehicle systems.
• Fuel system—provides a combustible air-fuel
mixture to power the engine.
• Electrical system—generates and/or distributes the
power needed to operate the vehicle’s electrical
and electronic components.
• Cooling and lubrication systems—prevent engine
damage and wear by regulating engine operating
temperature and reducing friction between
internal engine parts.
• Exhaust and emission control systems—quiet
engine noise and reduce toxic substances emitted
by the vehicle.
• Drive train systems—transfer power from the
engine to the drive wheels.
• Suspension, steering, and brake systems—support
and control the vehicle.
• Accessory and safety systems—increase occupant
comfort, safety, security, and convenience.
Frame, Body, and Chassis
The body and frame are the two largest sections of a
motor vehicle. The frame is the strong metal structure
that provides a mounting place for the other parts of the
vehicle. The frame holds the engine, transmission, sus-
pension, and other assemblies in position.
The body is a steel, aluminum, fiberglass, plastic, or
composite skin forming the outside of the vehicle. The
body is painted to give the vehicle an attractive appearance.
The term chassis is often used when referring to a
vehicle’s frame and everything mounted to it except the
body—tires, wheels, engine, transmission, drive axle
assembly, and frame. You can see the complex network of
automotive parts and systems on the chassis shown in
Figure 1-3A. When each part or system is “disassembled
and studied” separately, you will find the inner workings
of a motor vehicle easy to understand.
2 Section 1 Introduction to Automotive Technology
Figure 1-2. Note the general location of the major vehicle systems. Study the flow of fuel, air, exhaust, and power.
Fuel system
Fuel
pump
Power out
Exhaust out
Ignition system
Fuel tank
Fuel in
Fuel filter
Fuel injector
Drive axle assembly
Intake manifold
Air in
Muffler
Exhaust and emission
control systems
Catalytic converter
Lubrication system
Oil pan
Exhaust
manifold
Charging
system
Cooling
system
Drive train
system
Starting system
Transmission
Engine
Throttle body
Clutch
Fuel tank
Drive shaft