1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 3 4 1 4 3 4 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 3 8 1 8 3 4 7 8 5 8 1 4 3 8 1 8 3 4 7 8 5 8 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 3 8 1 8 1 16 3 16 5 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 15 16 1 16 3 16 5 16 7 16 9 16 11 16 13 16 15 16 3 4 7 8 5 8 1 4 3 8 1 8 3 4 7 8 5 8 1 2 Inch dimensions 1⁄2″ dimensions divide each inch into two equal spaces 1⁄4″ dimensions divide each inch into four equal spaces 1⁄8″ dimensions divide each inch into eight equal spaces 1⁄16″ dimensions divide each inch into sixteen equal spaces Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 4-1. Reading a standard rule accurately and quickly is a skill that every plumber must master. Study the fraction above to fix the division of an inch firmly in your mind. 1 2 3 4 5 6 51⁄8″ 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 41⁄2″ 1 2 3 4 33⁄16″ 23⁄4″ Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 4-2. Learn to recognize each scale marking by length and position. 72 Section 1 Introduction to Plumbing Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.