Chapter 5 The Skeletal System 151 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Medical Terminology: Th e Skeletal System By understanding the word parts that make up medical words, you can extend your medical vocabulary. Th is chapter includes many of the word parts listed below. Review these word parts to be sure you understand their meanings. a- no, not, loss of arthr/o joint cortic/o cortex, outer part epi- above, upon hemato- blood hyper- above, excessive hypo- below, insuffi cient inter- between men/o menses, menstruation oste/o bone peri- around -physis to grow -poiesis formation -rrhea fl ow, discharge -trophy condition Now use these word parts to form valid medical words that fi t the following defi nitions. Some of the words are included in this chapter. Others are not. When you fi nish, use a medical dictionary to check your work. 1. formation of blood 2. outer layer of bone 3. around the bone 4. to grow upon 5. condition of above-normal density or growth rate 6. between the vertebrae 7. condition of bone loss 8. lack of menstrual flow 9. inflammation of a joint 10. bone and joint inflammation Chapter 5 Summary • Th e fi ve functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell formation. • Th e four categories (by shape) of bones are long bones, short bones, fl at bones, and irregular bones. • Th roughout a person’s life, osteoblasts build new bone tissue, and osteoclasts resorb damaged bone tissue. • Remodeling of bones continues throughout life to keep bones strong. • Th e skull contains eight cranial bones and fourteen facial bones. • Th e fi ve sections of the spine are the cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacrum, and coccyx. • Th e thoracic cage surrounds and protects the heart and lungs. • Th e upper extremity includes the shoulder complex, arms, wrists, and hands. • Th e lower extremity includes the pelvic girdle, legs, ankles, and feet. • Th e three main categories of joints, with regard to function, are the immovable joints, the slightly movable joints, and the freely movable joints. • Articular tissues include articular fi brocartilage, tendons, ligaments, and bursae. • Th e nature of a fracture depends on the size, direction, and duration of the injurious force, as well as the health and maturity of the bone. • Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone mineralization and strength are critically low, oft en leading to fractures. • Sprains, dislocations, and bursitis are common joint injuries. • Arthritis is characterized by joint infl ammation accompanied by pain, stiff ness, and sometimes swelling. Chapter 5 Review Understanding Key Concepts 1. Name the five functions of the skeletal system. 2. The term for blood cell formation is: A. osteocyte B. hematopoiesis C. osteogenesis D. osteoblast 3. Strong, dense bone tissue is called _____. A. trabecular bone B. coxal bone C. cortical bone D. hard bone