154 Anatomy & Physiology Essentials Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. At gliding joints, the articulating bone surfaces are nearly flat. The only movement these joints permit is gliding. Examples of gliding joints are the joints between some of the bones in the wrists and the ankles. In hinge joints, one articulating bone surface is convex (curved outward), and the other is concave (curved inward). Strong ligaments restrict movement to a planar, hinge-like motion, similar to the hinge on a door. The joint between the femur and tibia is an example of a hinge joint. Pivot joints permit rotation around only one axis. Think of this movement as similar to moving around your stationary pivot foot in basketball. The joint between the first two vertebrae (the axis and atlas) is an example of a pivot joint. At condylar joints, one articulating bone surface is an oval, convex shape, and the other is a reciprocally shaped concave surface. Condylar joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. Synovial membrane Articular cartilage Medial meniscus Articular capsule Anterior view Articular capsule Patella Fat pad Junction of membrane with cartilage Lateral meniscus © Body Scientific International Figure 5.34 Anterior view of the knee, which is a synovial joint. Ball-and-socket joint (humeroscapular) Head of humerus Scapula Hinge joint (humeroulnar) Humerus Ulna Pivot joint (radioulnar) Radius Ulna Gliding joint (intercarpal) Carpal bones Saddle joint (trapeziometacarpal) Carpal bone Metacarpal bone Condylar joint (metacarpophalangeal) Metacarpal bone Phalanx © Body Scientific International Figure 5.35 Examples of the six different types of diarthroses.