204 Anatomy & Physiology Essentials Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 42. What percentage of swimming injuries is attributed to muscle strains? 43. What is the approximate ratio of muscle contusions in figure skating to muscle contusions in baseball? 44. Compare the total number of swimming injuries with the total number of figure skating injuries. Investigating Further 45. Consider the physiology involved in doing a push-up. Which muscles experience concentric contractions? Which muscles experience eccentric contractions? Which muscles experience isometric contractions? Through which plane(s) does the shoulder move? What actions occur at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist? 46. Try to switch the common (“normal”) origin and insertion points of as many muscles as you can. Focus on the most frequent, everyday movements. Make a list and describe what you did to switch them. Hint: Compare origin and insertion points when doing straight-leg sit-ups and straight-leg leg lifts. 33. Compare and contrast the sagittal and frontal planes. Be sure to discuss the movements that occur in each plane. 34. In circumduction, through which planes does the limb move, and what actions do you think are being utilized to make the conical/circular motion? 35. Do agonists and antagonists have to perform their actions in the same plane? Why? 36. If being active is considered healthy, why do you think active people and athletes have a significantly higher incidence of LBP than inactive, sedentary people? Clinical Case Study Read again the Clinical Case Study at the beginning of this chapter. Use the information provided in the chapter to answer the following questions. 37. What diagnoses are possible? 38. Which diagnosis is most likely given the description? 39. Given the description, what grade is this injury? Analyzing and Evaluating Data Use the bar graph to answer the following questions. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Muscle strains Muscle contusions Lateral epicondylitis Shoulder tendonitis Lacrosse Figure skating Swimming Baseball 40. Which sport involves the most muscle strains? 41. Which sport involves the most muscle contusions?