2 Copyright © 2012 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Previous editions copyright 2008, 2004, 2002, 1996, 1991, 1988, 1985, 1981, 1977 (Previously published as Clothes & Your Appearance by Louise A. Liddell and Carolee S. Samuels.) All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America. ISBN 978-1-60525-593-4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 – 12 – 17 16 15 14 13 12 The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Brand Disclaimer: Brand names, company names, and illustrations for products and services included in this text are provided for educational purposes only and do not represent or imply endorsement or recommendation by the author or the publisher. The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Safety Notice: The reader is expressly advised to carefully read, understand, and apply all safety precautions and warnings described in this book or that might also be indicated in undertaking the activities and exercises described herein to minimize risk of personal injury or injury to others. Common sense and good judgment should also be exercised and applied to help avoid all potential hazards. The reader should always refer to the appropriate manufacturer’s technical information, directions, and recommendations then proceed with care to follow specifi c equipment operating instructions. The reader should understand these notices and cautions are not exhaustive. The publisher makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to equipment, procedures, and applications described or referred to herein, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fi tness for a particular purpose. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any changes, errors, or omissions in this book. The publisher specifi cally disclaims any liability whatsoever, including any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the reader’s use or reliance upon the information, instructions, procedures, warnings, cautions, applications or other matter contained in this book. The publisher assumes no responsibility for the activities of the reader. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Liddell, Louise A. Apparel: design, textiles & construction/Louise A. Liddell, Carolee S. Samuels — 10th ed. p. cm. — (Clothes & your appearance) Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60525-593-4 1. Fashion design. 2. Clothing and dress. I. Samuels, Carolee S. (Carolee Stucker) II. Title TT518.L48 2012 746.9’2—dc23 2011014671 Cover Image—©Jose Luis Pelaez, Inc., Photographer/CORBIS