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370 Section 3 Plan Development
in an architectural set of drawings, place the
foundation plan on its own set of layers.
2. Draw the outside line of the foundation walls
and delete the outside line of the floor plan
wall, if they do not coincide. Generally, the
outside lines of the foundation walls are
identical to the outside lines of the rough stud
walls on the floor plan in a frame structure
with siding. Brick or other veneer is added
to the outside of this point. The foundation
wall is wider than a frame wall; therefore,
the inside line will fall inside the floor plan.
Generally, the foundation wall will be 8″, 10″,
or 12″ thick, although there are exceptions.
A 12″ thick wall will be used in this example.
Some CADD software programs draw all the
lines of a footing and stem wall automatically
when you change the type of wall. This
example assumes that you will draw them
individually.
3. Draw all footings. The footings and foundation
walls should be drawn on separate layers
because the line widths and linetypes are
different. Piers and their footings may be
added to these layers since they use similar
linetypes and are part of the foundation.
shows the foundation walls,
CADD Drawing
Techniques
The procedure for drawing a foundation or
basement plan with CADD is basically the same
as that used with manual drafting techniques.
However, there are a couple of major differences.
The biggest difference is that the drawing is
created at full scale. Then, an appropriate scale
is selected when the drawing is plotted. The
following steps outline drawing a foundation or
basement plan using CADD.
Procedure
CADD
Drawing a Foundation or
Basement Plan
1. Make a copy of the floor plan on a new layer
in the foundation plan drawing. As you develop
the foundation plan, place items on the
appropriate layers using the correct line width
and linetype. If you are drawing the foundation
plan in the same file as the other drawings
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The floor plan for the first floor is copied to a layer in the foundation/basement plan drawing.
Footings and piers are then added on another layer. The floor plan layer is shown here for reference.
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Procedures.
Detailed, step-by-step instructions for
completing architectural drawings using
manual or CADD methods.
350 Section 3 Plan Development
Parametric
Modeling
Creating a Floor Plan
Parametric modeling is a special type of
3D modeling introduced in Chapter 12, Building
Information Modeling. Constructing a 3D
parametric model in architectural design often
begins with creating the floor plan. The process
of creating a floor plan in parametric modeling
is similar to that used with a general-purpose
CADD system, but there are different steps and
workflows because of the nature of 3D modeling
and the way in which the drawing is prepared.
For example, instead of drawing 2D lines to
represent the walls on a 2D floor plan, you place
the walls as 3D components on the plan. Walls
are still drawn by picking points and they still
appear as lines when working in a 2D view, but
each wall is made up of a “block” of lines that
represents a 2D section of the wall. Changing to
a 3D view allows you to view the wall in its full
width, height, and depth. Other components of
the model are constructed in similar fashion.
The setup steps involved in creating a floor
plan in parametric modeling are different from
those in other types of CADD work. One of the
first steps before modeling starts is to create the
levels and views that will be used in the project.
Levels are assigned elevations that define key
heights of the building. For example, a level
named First Floor can be used to establish the
height of the first floor. Additional levels, such as
Second Floor and Roof, can be used to establish
other key heights. As each level is created, you
have the option to create a named plan view that
is associated with the corresponding elevation.
Typically, one or more default levels are available
when you start a project based on a default
template. For example, Level 1 is a typical default
level defining an elevation of 0′-0″ and Level 2
is a typical default level defining an elevation
of 10′-0″. See . A default view is
associated with each of these levels.
Levels can be created by switching to an
elevation view and using the LEVEL command.
The levels you use in a project will vary
depending on the type of home being drawn
and the type of construction. The following are
examples of typical levels that could be used in a
residential design project:
The following procedure is based on using
the First Floor level to create a floor plan. Once
you have established the level of the first floor,
open the first floor plan view to begin working.
This procedure is designed for a one-story home
with wood frame construction and a basement.
Elements of the basement and foundation are
explained in Chapter 15, Foundation Plans. See
Chapter 17, Roof Designs, for details on roof
construction. See Chapter 24, Stair Details, for
details on stair construction. The following is
presented as a typical sequence, but specific
steps will vary depending on the program used
and the type of construction.
Levels Above Grade
First Floor
Second Floor
Top of Plate
Levels Below Grade
Top of Footing
Basement Floor
Top of Foundation
Level 1
0' - 0"
Level 2
10' - 0"
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Levels are elevations that identify key heights of a building. Shown are the default levels typically
available when starting a project in a parametric modeling program.
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544 Section 4 Construction Systems and Supplemental Drawings
Communicating about
Architecture
1. Reading. With a partner, make flash cards
of the key terms in this chapter. On the front
of the card, write the term. On the back of
the card, write the pronunciation and a brief
definition. Use this chapter and a dictionary
for guidance. Then take turns quizzing one
another on the pronunciations and definitions
of the key terms.
2. Speaking. Using the same flash cards
developed in the previous activity, explain to
the class what you like about certain types of
doors and windows. Describe in detail what is
appealing to you and what is not, and identify
which types of doors and windows you would
want for your home.
STEM Connections
1. Technology. Skylights are very useful for
increasing the amount of natural light in a
room. One of the complaints about skylights
in the past has been that there was no way
to “shut off” the light or to dim it if a room
becomes too bright. Skylight manufacturers
today have found ways to prevent the
problem. Research skylights and write a
report on the ways skylights today can be
controlled or shaded.
STEM Connections.
Activities and assignments designed
to relate the book’s content to the
science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) education paths.
Communicating about Architecture.
Group and individual activities designed
to facilitate class participation.
Parametric Modeling.
Features addressing tools and
processes used in parametric modeling
software, including step-by-step
instructions for creating a 3D model
and related drawing documentation.
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