11
Steering System......................................... 438
Steering System Parts ..........................438
Steering System Types............................. 439
Rack-and-Pinion Steering .....................439
Parallelogram Steering..........................440
Power Steering Systems.......................440
Suspension Systems
................................
441
Suspension System Components.........441
Front Suspension Types........................443
Rear Suspension Types ........................445
Electronic Suspension Systems............445
Hub and Wheel Assemblies..................... 447
Wheel Hubs and Bearings ....................447
Wheels ..................................................447
Tires ......................................................448
Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems........449
Diagnosing Steering, Suspension, and
Wheel Assembly Damage.................. 449
Inspection..............................................450
Steering and Suspension System
Repair
.....................................................
454
Replacing an Outer Tie Rod
(Tie Rod End)........................................454
Replacing an Inner Tie Rod...................455
Replacing a Center Link........................455
Replacing a Rack-and-Pinion Gearbox ...456
Replacing a Parallelogram Steering
Gearbox ................................................456
Replacing a MacPherson Strut .............456
Replacing a Modified MacPherson Strut...457
Replacing a Coil Spring—Short/Long
Arm Suspension....................................457
Replacing a Coil Spring—Solid Rear
Axle .......................................................457
Replacing a Control Arm.......................458
Replacing a Steering Knuckle...............458
Replacing a Leaf Spring........................458
Replacing a Stabilizer Bar and Links ....459
Removing and Installing a Steering
Column..................................................459
Wheel and Tire Service............................. 460
Servicing Tapered Roller Bearing Wheel
Bearings................................................460
Removing and Installing Sealed Wheel
Bearings................................................460
Removing and Installing a Tire..............461
Balancing a Tire and Wheel ..................462
Alignment..................................................... 462
Wheel Alignment Angles.......................464
Alignment Procedures...........................465
Installing Control Heads........................466
Measuring Actual Alignment Values......467
Adjusting Alignment Angles ..................468
Chapter 19
Electrical System ........................................475
Introduction................................................. 476
Basic Electricity
.........................................
476
Units of Electricity .................................476
Ohms Law.............................................476
Electrical Components and Circuits ......477
Circuit Problems....................................478
Basic Electrical Parts................................ 478
Wire.......................................................478
Wire Terminals and Connectors ............478
Switches and Relays.............................479
Fuses, Fusible Links, and Circuit
Breakers................................................480
Motors ...................................................480
Basic Electrical Systems
.........................
481
Battery, Charging System, and Starting
System ..................................................481
Lighting System.....................................482
Horn system..........................................483
Windshield Wiper and Washer Systems ...484
Power Accessory Systems....................484
Basic Electrical Tests and Service
Operations............................................. 486
Using a Test Light..................................487
Using a Jumper Wire.............................488
Digital Multimeter ..................................488
Using Wiring Diagrams..........................489
Wiring Repairs ......................................489
Electrical System Service........................ 490
Battery and Alternator Service..............490
Lighting System Service .......................491
Aiming Headlights .................................492
Horn Service .........................................494
Windshield Wiper and Washer Service....494
Power Accessory Service .....................494
Chapter 20
Brakes..............................................................497
Introduction................................................. 498
Brake System Operation.......................... 498
Brake System Parts................................... 499
Brake Fluid............................................499
Master Cylinder.....................................500
Brake Lines and Hoses.........................500
Drum Brakes .........................................501
Disc Brakes...........................................502
Valves....................................................502
Anti-Lock Brake System........................503
Traction Control and Electronic Stability
Systems ................................................504