12 Auto Electricity and Electronics Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Hybrid Motor-Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Motor-Generator as a Motor | Motor- Generator as a Generator | Motor-Generator Sensor | Single Motor-Generator Hybrid | Dual Motor-Generator Hybrid | Triple Motor-Generator Hybrid Hybrid Power Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Hybrid Power Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 Inverter Circuit | Power Converter | Motor-Generator ECU | Hybrid Power Control Module Operation Battery Relays and Contactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 Hybrid Power Splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Hybrid Dash Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Hybrid System Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Hybrid Drive Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Section 3—System Diagnosis and Repair Chapter 23 On-Board Diagnostics and Scan Tools 439 On-Board Diagnostic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 Early On-Board Diagnostic Systems | On- Board Diagnostics II (OBD II) | Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) | Diagnostic Trouble Codes | Computer System Problems Scanning Computer Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Scan Tool Program Cartridges | Data Link Connector | Connecting the Scan Tool | Using Scan Tools | Diagnostic Trouble Code Identifi cation | Failure Types | Datastream Values | Engine-Off /Key-On Diagnostics | Wiggle Test | Engine-On/Key-On Diagnostics | Switch Diagnostic Test | Actuator Diagnostic Tests | Scanning during a Test Drive Energizing OBD I Systems without a Scan Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Reading Trouble Codes without a Scan Tool | Reading the Flashing Check Engine Light | Reading Voltmeter Needle Defl ections | Reading Digital and LED Displays | Trouble Code Charts Erasing Trouble Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Chapter 24 Sensor, Actuator, Computer Service . . . 459 Preliminary Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Cipet Principle | Kiss Principle | Scan Tool Information Electrical Component Damage Precautions . . . 460 Computer System Circuit Problems . . . . . . . . . 461 Sensor and Actuator Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Poor Electrical Connections | Vacuum Leaks Sensor Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Engine Speed Sensor Service | Vehicle Speed Sensor Service | Oxygen (O 2 ) Sensor Service | Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor Service | Th rottle Position Sensor Service | Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Service | Intake Air Temperature Sensor Service | Airfl ow Sensor Service | Fuel Sending Unit Service | Water-In- Fuel Sensor Service | Knock Sensor Service | Diesel Metering Valve Sensor Service Actuator Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Idle Speed Motor Service | Idle Air Control Valve Service | Air Vent Solenoid Service | Glow Plug Service | Servicing Other Actuators Computer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Measuring Computer Output | Saving Memory Contents | Computer Replacement | Computer Adjustments | Updated PROMs | EEPROM Programming Using Computerized Equipment | EEPROM Programming Procedure | Replacing Removable PROM | Computer Learn Procedures Chapter 25 Battery and Starting System Service. . . 483 Battery Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 Battery Inspection | Battery Leakage Test | Battery Terminal Test Battery Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 Checking Battery Charge | Cleaning Battery Terminal Connections | Cleaning Battery Top | Checking Battery Hold- Down and Tray | Inspecting for Physical Damage to Case and Terminals Checking Battery Electrolyte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 Hydrometer Battery Voltage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Cell Voltage Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489