Chapter 6 Engine Types and Classifi cations 141 Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Intake port Exhaust port Figure 6-33. In this new rotary engine design, the intake and exhaust ports are located in the endplates. This reduces emissions considerably. Figure 6-34. Study this cutaway view of a Miller-cycle engine. Note the small supercharger to prevent blow-back into intake manifold. (Mazda) Intercooler Electronic modules cooler Port deactivation Water pump AC to DC converter Starter alternator spacer Transmission Fuel filter Master switch Starter alternator module Fuse and shunt box Inertia switch Low voltage distribution box Nickel metal hydride battery Fuel tank Electronic control modules Vacuum reservoir Turbo Vacuum pump Power steering pump Figure 6-35. A hybrid power plant uses two methods of developing power, usually a gasoline engine and an electric motor. (Ford) Hybrid Power Source In response to emission and fuel economy standards, some vehicle manufacturers experimented in the past with using an electric motor and large storage batteries to power an automobile. However, overall their production was limited. These vehicles saw some success as a means of transportation for short trips. However, speed and driving distance was limited. As an alternative to electric or gasoline-powered vehicles, several manufacturers have developed hybrid vehi- cles, or vehicles that use a hybrid power source. A hybrid power source provides two different methods of propulsion, usually a gasoline engine and a large electric motor. See Figure 6-35. In a hybrid vehicle, a high-efficiency gasoline engine, powerful electric motor-generator, and battery pack work together to propel the vehicle. Hybrid vehicles offer superior gas mileage and reduced emissions.