Acknowledgments Th e production of a textbook of this type is not possible without assistance from the auto motive industry. In procur- ing and compiling the materials for this text, the industry has been extremely helpful. Th e author would like to thank the following fi rms and individuals for their assistance in the preparation of Auto Heating and Air Conditioning. AC-Delco Acura Automobile Division Alfa-Romeo, Inc. Allied-Signal Inc. Audi of America Autolite Automotive Diagnostics Balco Inc. Barret Company Beauron Industries, Inc. Bee Line Company Black and Decker BMW of North America Bower/BCA Bridgestone U.S.A. British-Leyland Buick Motor Division Cadillac Motor Division Central Tools Champion Chevrolet Motor Division Chief Automotive Systems Chief Industries Clayton Manufacturing Continental Teves Cooper Industries CR Industries Daihatsu America Inc. DaimlerChrysler Dana Publication Services Dayton Deere and Company Delphi Corporation Dorman Products, Inc. Douglas Components Corporation Dover Corporation EMI-Tech Federal-Mogul Corporation Ferrari North America John Fluke Manufacturing Company FMC Corporation Ford Motor Company Gates Rubber Company General Motors Corporation, Service Technology Group GMC Trucks Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Graymills Corporation H and M Dreyer, Inc. Honda Motor Company Hyundai Motor Corporation ICI Americas Imperial-Eastman Infi niti North America International Mobile Air Conditioning Association Jaguar Cars Kent- Moore Tool Group Kia Motors Kocs, Wesson, & Associates Inc. Land Rover of North America Lexus Automobile Division Lisle Corporation Loctite Corporation Mac Tools Maremont Corporation Mazda Motor of America Mercedes-Benz of North America Mitsubishi Motors of America Mobile Air Conditioning Society Modine Manufacturing Mohawk Resources Moog Automotive NAPA National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Niehoff Company Nissan North America Oldsmobile Motor Division OTC Division of SPX Corp. Paprl Automotive ASE Connections Auto Heating and Air Conditioning is correlated to standards established by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) and the ASE Education Foundation. Th ese standards were developed with input from industry experts to ensure they refl ect the skills students and technicians must master to succeed in the automobile service and repair industry. ASE certifi cation is the benchmark for automobile repair technicians. It is recommended that you seek ASE certifi cation once you have suffi cient knowledge and meet the work experience requirements. Visit the ASE website for more information on ASE certifi cation. Th e ASE Education Foundation has established a training program accreditation process designed to improve the qual- ity of training off ered at both the secondary and postsecondary levels. Th e ASE Education Foundation grants accreditation to programs that comply with their evaluation procedure, meet established standards, and adhere to the policies set forth by the organization. To learn more about the accreditation process, visit the ASE Education Foundation website. Industries PBS Corporation Pontiac Motor Division Porsche Cars of North America Prestolite Raytek Robinair Div. of SPX Corp. RTI Technologies, Inc. Saab Cars USA Sanden International Saturn Corporation SCS/Frigette SFK Industries SK Hand Tools Snap-On Tools Subaru of America Sun Electric Corporation Technical Chemical Co TIF Instruments Toyota Motor Sales Trumark TRW Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Vaco Tool Company Vetronix Corporation Volkswagen of America Volvo Corporation of North America Walker Company Warner Company White Industries. Th e author would also like to thank the following per- sons and organizations who provided vehicles, parts, and test equipment for the photographs as well as other items used throughout this text. David Bryson, Billy Benson, Sears Auto Center, Greenville, SC Pete Chase, Protech Motor Sports, Greenville, SC Steve Dunn, Auto Air, Greenville, SC James Daley Danny McCown, Century Lincoln Mercury/BMW, Reuben Byrd, Robert Holbert, Lynn Anders, Cline Hose and Hydraulics, Greenville, SC Ronald Parker, Larry Neighbors, A-1 Auto, Greenville, SC Herbert and Dorothy MacMillian John Edwards, Sandi Ridge, Karl Martus, Glenn Gaines, Raymond Rhoads, Steve Benge, Auto Zone #0163, Greenville, SC Palmetto Chapter, Pontiac-Oakland Club International Jeff Nags Richard Rackow, Moraine Valley Community College, Palos Hills, IL Oliver Scheurmann C.W. Weeks Natchitoches Junior College, Natchitoches, LA Michael Wood. “Portions of materials contained herein have been reprinted with permission of General Motors Corporation, Service Technology Group.” “Th is publication contains material that is repro- duced and distributed under a license from Ford Global Technologies, Inc., a Subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. No further reproduction or distribution of the material is allowed without the express written permission from Ford Global Technologies, Inc.”