vii Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Craig P. Black is an instructor in the Mechanical Design Technology department and the former instructor and manager of the Autodesk Premier Training Center at Fox Valley Technical College in Appleton, Wisconsin. Craig has been teaching at FVTC since 1990. In 2009, he created the CAD Management certifi cate program at FVTC. In 2013, he created the Mechanical CAD Drafting Technical Diploma at FVTC. Craig has served two terms on the Autodesk Training Center Executive Committee (now known as the Autodesk Training Center Leadership Council) and chaired the committee in 2001. He has been working with Autodesk software products for more than 25 years. He has presented on various topics at a number of Autodesk University annual training sessions and has been contracted to teach training sessions on Autodesk products across the United States. In addition to teaching, Craig also does AutoCAD customiza- tion and AutoLISP and DCL programming for area businesses and industries. Prior to his current position, Craig worked in the civil, architectural, electrical, and mechanical drafting and design disciplines. Acknowledgments Acknowledgments The authors and publisher would like to thank the following individuals and companies for their assistance and contributions. Autodesk, Inc. City & County of Denver Fitzgerald, Hagan, & Hackathorn Fort Mason Center for Arts & Culture Laser Design and GKS Services Bill Strenth, Pittsburg State University School of Construction Trademarks Trademarks Autodesk, the Autodesk logo, DWG, the DWG logo, and AutoCAD are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., and/or its subsidiaries and/or affi liates in the USA and other countries. Microsoft, Windows, Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. ADDA Technical Publication ADDA Technical Publication The content of this text is considered a fundamental component to the design drafting profession by the American Design Drafting Association. This publication covers topics and related material relevant to the delivery of the design drafting process. Although this publication is not conclusive, it should be considered a key reference tool in furthering the knowledge, abilities, and skills of a properly trained designer or drafter in the pursuit of a professional career.