11 Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Technical Terms Chapter 1 Introduction to Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles apply piston ball bearings band bushings case clutch clutch pack clutch piston continuously variable transaxles (CVTs) converter lockup clutch CV axles direct drive direct-air cooler drum dual clutch transmission (DCT) electronic control system endplay fluid couplings gaskets gear ratio holding members housing hybrid vehicle hydraulic control system hydraulic pump impeller infinitely variable transmission (IVT) input shafts lockup torque converter manual linkage oil pan one-way clutch O-ring output shafts overdrive park lock planet carrier planet gear planetary gears pressure regulator reduction gear ring gear roller bearing seal ring seals servo slipping stator sump sun gear throttle linkage thrust bearing thrust washer toroidal transmission torque converters transmission fluid transmission fluid cooler transmission fluid filter turbine vacuum modulator After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • Explain the basic purpose of a transmission. • Identify the diff erences between manual and automatic transmissions. • Describe the diff erences between automatic transmissions and automatic transaxles. • Identify major automatic transmission and transaxle components. • Explain the basic operation of an automatic transmission or transaxle. • Trace the development of modern automatic transmissions and transaxles.