Acknowledgments Th e production of a textbook of this type would not be possible without assistance from the automotive industry. Th e authors would like to thank the following companies for their assistance in the preparation of Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles. American Honda Motor Co. BBU, Inc. Caterpillar Inc. Chrysler Deere & Co. Dorman Products FAG Bearings Federal Mogul Corp. Fel-Pro Inc. Fluke Corp. Ford Motor Co. General Motors Corp.† Hayden Hunter Engineering Co. L.S. Starrett Co. Lexus Lincoln Automotive Lisle Corp. Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc. Nissan Motor Corp. Owattona Tool Co., Div. of SPX Corp. Pennzoil Co. RTI Technologies, Inc. Saab-Scandia of America, Inc. Sachs Snap-on Tool Corp. Sonnax Subaru of America, Inc. Superior TIF Instruments, Inc. Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. Vaco Products Co. Volkswagen Volvo of America ZF Transmission Group ASE Connections Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles is correlated to standards established by the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) and the ASE Education Foundation. Th ese standards were developed with input from industry experts to ensure they refl ect the skills students and technicians must master to succeed in the automobile service and repair industry. ASE certifi cation is the benchmark for automobile repair technicians. It is recommended that you seek ASE certifi cation once you have suffi cient knowledge and meet the work experience requirements. Visit the ASE website for more information on ASE certifi cation. Th e ASE Education Foundation has established a training program accreditation process designed to improve the qual- ity of training off ered at both the secondary and postsecondary levels. Th e ASE Education Foundation grants accreditation to programs that comply with their evaluation procedure, meet established standards, and adhere to the policies set forth by the organization. To learn more about the accreditation process, visit the ASE Education Foundation website. Th e authors would also like to thank the following persons and organizations that provided vehicles, parts, and test equipment for the photographs, as well as other items used throughout this text. Ross Fossbender, B&B Electronics, Ottawa, IL Don Russell, Ferret Instruments, Cheboygan, MI Henrik Jacobs, Timothy Jacobs, Jason Powers, Mike Baskins, Ryan Shannon, and Robert Rivera, Greenville Transmission Clinic, Greenville, SC Joe Gallagher, Sonnax Industries, Bellows Falls, VT Vincent J. McKenna, Spectronics Corporation, Westbury, NY Paul Erickson, Superior Transmission Parts, Tallahassee, FL Karin Markenstein, ZF Transmission Group, Saarbrucken, Germany Dennis L. Bachelder, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC † Portions of materials contained herein have been reprinted with permission of General Motors Corporation, Service Technology Group.