You can also use a marking gauge to transfer dimensions. Set the marking gauge to the size of part you wish to copy. Then mark the new work- piece. This is helpful when duplicating parts. 12.2 Measuring Tools Measuring tools are instruments used to deter- mine lengths and angles. They follow two systems. They are the US customary system and the Interna- tional System (SI), commonly referred to as metric. US customary rulers and scales measure feet and inches. Smaller units are measured in fractions of an inch. See Figure 12-6A. To find the fractional dis- tance you need, count the spaces across the board. This becomes the numerator (top number). Count the spaces in one inch on the rule. This is the denom- inator (bottom number). Metric rulers and scales measure in millime- ters. They are typically numbered every 10 mm. See the metric rule in Figure 12-6B. A metric rule may be further divided into 0.5 mm. Both systems may appear on the same measuring tool, as shown in Figure 12-6C. scratch awl (scriber) will also mark the wood. See Figure 12-2. A light cut makes a visible reference line for sawing or other work. A knife is often used when the mark is needed to locate a tool, such as a saw or chisel. A scratch awl can indent the wood to help center a drill. See Figure 12-3. Avoid ink because it bleeds into wood cells. 12.1.1 Marking Gauge Traditionally, cabinetmakers used a marking gauge to layout their cuts. The marking gauge is designed to make parallel lines. It has an adjustable head and a steel pin or cutting wheel, Figure 12-4. It is used to mark parallel lines on wood, plastic, and metal. Stanley Tools Figure 12-2. Knives and scratch awls make precise marks. A variety of styles are used. Stanley Tools Figure 12-3. Marking. A—Marking a line with a knife. B—Marking a drill center point with an awl. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 12-5. A—Setting the marking gauge. B—Marking a parallel line. Patrick A. Molzahn Figure 12-4. Components of a marking gauge. 1 2 1 Wheel Head Beam Using a Marking Gauge To use the gauge: 1. Adjust the head to the appropriate width from the edge of the board to the line, using the scale printed on the beam. See Figure 12-5A. 2. Place the gauge flat on the material. The steel point should face sideways, without touching the wood. 3. Roll the gauge toward the stock until the pin or cutter touches the surface. 4. Push the gauge away from you. Keep the head against the edge of the work. The point or cutter will make a visible score line, Figure 12-5B. Procedure B A A B 150 Section 2 Design and Layout Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.