8
Other World Locations 186
Some Infl uential Fashion
Designers 186
U.S. Fashion Awards and
Associations 186
10 Ready-to-Wear
Manufacturing 194
The Business of Apparel
Manufacturing 195
Competitive Strategies 196
Fashion Seasons and Lines 197
Garment Districts 198
Inside and Outside Shops 199
Pros of Using Contractors 200
Cons of Using Contractors 200
Preproduction Procedures 201
Selecting and Costing the Designs 202
Editing the Line 202
Precutting Processes 204
Cutting 204
Apparel Production 205
Traditional Tailor System 206
Progressive Bundle System 206
Unit Production System 206
Modular Manufacturing 207
Finishing 208
Employer Concerns 208
Offshore Production 210
Infl uence of Unions 211
11 Wholesale Apparel
Marketing and
Distribution 214
Inventory Management 215
Inventory Planning and Execution 216
Benchmarking for Quality
Products 217
Quality Programs 217
Trademark Protection 218
Technological Advances in
Apparel Manufacturing 219
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 220
Ideas About the Future 221
Selling the Finished Apparel 222
Selling Locations 223
Sales Expertise 224
Sales Promotion 226
Distribution of the Finished
Apparel 227
Order Processing 227
Merchandise Shipping 228
Apparel Industry Trade
Information 230
Part 4 Part 4
Retail Business Retail Business
Fundamentals Fundamentals
12 The Retail Segment 234
Functional Areas of Fashion
Retail Firms 235
Main Types of Apparel Retailers 236
Department Stores 237
Chain Stores 239
Discount Stores 241
Specialty Stores 243
Nonstore Retailers 245
Other Types of Fashion Retailing 248
Retail Company Consolidation 250
Retail Trade Associations
and Publications 250