30 Part One Children in Today’s World
Other genes affect the range of
a trait. Traits like height (very
short to very tall) and athletic
ability (almost no ability to
greatness) come from these
genes. These genes determine
a trait’s potential. (Potential is
the greatest amount or level
possible.) Whether a person
will show or use that trait to
its potential depends on the
person’s life. For instance, a
healthful diet will help a child
reach his or her height potential.
However, the child cannot grow
beyond this potential. On the
other hand, children with poor
nutrition may not achieve their
full potential.
Environment
The environment affects growth
and development, too. Physical
conditions, such as food and
rest, are part of the environment.
These conditions shape children’s
experiences. A child’s environment
also includes relationships with
others, as well as everything
children hear or see. All these
factors affect the way a child grows
and develops.
Factors in the environment can
affect physical traits. For example,
studies show that babies’ brains
develop at a slower rate if no
one holds or talks to them. When
children receive attention and
many chances to learn, their brains
develop to their full potential.
Intellectual and social-emotional
traits are also affected by factors
in the environment. For instance,
a child whose family members
show affection openly may be more
likely to show affection, too. A child
whose family members show little
affection might be less comfortable
hugging or kissing others.
Heredity and
Environment Combined
For years, people argued
about which affected growth and
development more—heredity or
environment. Now, experts agree
they work together.
Genes control how quickly
a baby’s muscles and bones
grow (heredity). A proper diet
is needed for the baby to grow
(environment). However, a better
diet does not make bones and
muscles bigger than heredity
allows (heredity and environment).
Going one step further, parents
can exercise their baby’s muscles to
help strengthen them (environment).
Nevertheless, the baby cannot walk
until muscles and bones are ready
(heredity). When the baby’s body
is ready, parents can help the baby
walk as soon as possible through
exercise and encouragement
(heredity and environment).
Child advocates represent the best interests of
children who have been abused or neglected.
They promote and protect the rights of children.
Education: Educational requirements vary for
each state. Training in laws regarding children
in the state in which advocates practice is often
required.
Job Outlook: Employment for child advocates is
expected to grow much faster than the average
for all occupations.
Child Advocate