vii Acknowledgments The authors and publisher would like to thank the following companies, organizations, and individuals for their contribution of resource material, images, or other support in the development of Machining Fundamentals. 3D Systems 3M Company Alden Corp. American Foundrymen’s Society American Society of Mechanical Engineers AMT—The Association for Manufacturing Technology Autocon Technologies, Inc. Baldor Bethlehem Steel Co. BIG Kaiser Precision Tooling Inc. Bill Hannan Bird-Johnson Company Bob Walker Bridgeport Machines, Inc. Buehler, a division of ITW Company C. & E. FEIN GmbH Carboloy Carl Zeiss, Inc. Carpenter Steel Co. Chicago-Latrobe Chick Machine Tool, Inc. Cincinnati Milacron CITCO Div., Western Atlas, Inc. Clausing Industrial, Inc. CNC Software, Inc. Coated Abrasive Manufacturers Institute Cogsdill Tool Products, Inc. Compositek Corporation Dake Corporation Dapra Corporation Delcam International DoALL Co. duMont Corp. DuPont Co. Engis Corporation EZFeatureMILL—Engineering Geometry Systems Fanuc Robotics North America, Inc. Federal Products Co. FEIN Power Tools, Inc. Flow International Corp. Ford Motor Co. Fowler High Precision General Dynamics Corp. General Motors Corp. Giddings & Lewis, Inc. Greenfield Industries Grizzly Industrial, Inc. Haas Automation, Inc. Hardinge, Inc. Heli-Coil Corp. Helisys, Inc. Hertel Cutting Technologies, Inc. Heule Precision Tools Hirata Corporation of America Honeywell, Inc., Industrial Automation and Control Hougen Manufacturing, Inc. Hydromat, Inc. IBAG North America IBM Iscar Metals, Inc. Jenoptik Jergens, Inc. Jet Equipment & Tools John Winter Jones & Lamson Machine Co. Justrite Manufacturing Company K.O. Lee Co. Kennametal KEO Cutters Klein Tools, Inc. Komet of America, Inc. L. S. Starrett Co. Landis Div. of Western Atlas LeBlond Makino Machine Tool Co. Library of Congress, Prints & Photograph Division Light Beam Technology, Inc. Lockwood Products, Inc. Lovejoy Tool Company, Inc. Lufkin Rule Co. Lumonics Corp.