1 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter Outline 1.1 Basic Electrical Circuit Units 1.1.1 Current 1.1.2 Voltage 1.1.3 Resistance 1.1.4 Power, Energy, and Work 1.2 Basic Circuits 1.2.1 Series Circuits 1.2.2 Parallel Circuits 1.2.3 Complex Circuits 1.3 Alternating Current 1.3.1 Electromagnetic Induction 1.3.2 Alternators 1.3.3 Instantaneous, Peak, and Eff ective Voltage 1.3.4 Phase Relationship 1.3.5 Inductance 1.3.6 Capacitance 1.3.7 Impedance 1.3.8 Power Factor 1.4 Utilization Voltages 1.4.1 Voltage Standards Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: • Defi ne the basic units for electrical voltage, current, resistance, energy, and power. • Calculate electrical power. • Discuss the characteristics of series, parallel, and complex circuits. • Calculate voltage, current, and resistance in series, parallel, and complex circuits. • Describe and compare alternating current and direct current. • Explain the functions of basic components of an alternator. • Explain the eff ects of inductance and capacitance in ac circuits. • Calculate power factor and impedance in ac circuits. • Describe single-phase and three-phase electrical systems. • Recognize wye and delta confi gurations. • Distinguish between nominal voltage and rated voltage. CHAPTER 1 Electrical Fundamentals Review Technical Terms alternating current (ac) alternator ampere (A) apparent power armature branched circuit brushes capacitance (C) capacitive reactance (XC) capacitor coil condenser conductor current cycle direct current (dc) eff ective voltage electromagnetic induction electromotive force (emf) equivalent circuit farad (F) frequency hertz (Hz) impedance (Z) inductance (L) inductive reactance instantaneous voltage insulator lagging current nominal voltage ohm (Ω) Ohm’s law parallel circuit phase relationship pole power power factor rated voltage resistance root-mean-square (RMS) voltage series circuit slip ring volt (V) volt-ampere (VA) watt (W) work