Chapter 15 Wetlands 379 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 19. Organic wetland soil that is commonly referred to as peat or muck. 20. A forested wetland that relies on other freshwater sources, such as rivers or lakes, for its moisture. 21. The absence of oxygen. 22. The surface confi guration of an area of land. 23. When a wetland receives almost all of its water from precipitation. Know and Understand Answer the following questions using the information provided in this chapter. 1. An area where a varying amount of water covers the soil or is at or near the surface for extended periods of time is called a(n) ______. A. marsh B. wetland C. aquatic ecosystem D. fen 2. What percentage of the plants and animals on the endangered species list rely wholly or partly on wetlands for their survival needs? A. Nearly 25% B. Nearly 50% C. Nearly 75% D. 90% 3. True or False? A carbon sink is a natural environment that emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A. True B. False 4. Hydric soils are characterized by ______. A. anaerobic conditions B. high salinity C. alkaline conditions D. low moisture content 5. Peat forms in a wetland because vegetation accumulates and does not fully decompose due to lack of ______. A. carbon dioxide B. nitrogen C. water D. oxygen 6. Organic wetland soil in a bog in which only one-third of the material is highly decomposed is called ______ soil. A. serotinous B. fi brist C. saprist D. hydrophilic 7. True or False? Marine wetlands are tidal wetlands. A. True B. False 8. A plant that has adapted to areas with low oxygen and high concentrations of salt in the water and/or soil is called a(n) ______. A. xerophyte B. mesophyte C. halophyte D. preatophyte 9. True or False? A fen is fed through groundwater and other moving water sources. A. True B. False 10. A distinctive characteristic of a pocosin is its ______. A. extremely alkaline soil B. large concentration of salts C. lack of wildlife D. unique fl ora 11. Wetlands that were formed as glaciers retreated and are found primarily in the Midwestern portion of the United States are called ______. A. playa lakes B. marshes C. prairie potholes D. pocosins 12. The two types of wetlands that can be freshwater or saltwater wetlands are swamps and ______. A. marshes B. bogs C. fens D. prairie potholes 13. True or False? World Wetlands Day is February 2. A. True B. False