Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 76 Computer Service and Repair 12. What is included in a directory structure? 13. What is a fi le extension? 14. What is the maximum number of characters allowed in a long fi le name? 15. List fi ve symbols that are not allowed in the Windows long fi le name system. 16. Which operating system introduced Windows XP Mode? 17. Which Windows version introduced Libraries and HomeGroup into the directory structure? 18. What is a library in a Windows directory structure? 19. What new user account type was introduced in Windows 8? 20. What needs to be done to preserve user data before performing a clean or custom installation? 21. What is the recommended amount of RAM for a 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 7 installation? 22. What is the recommended amount of hard drive space for a 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 8 installation? 23. What is the recommended amount of RAM for a 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 10 installation? 24. Which part of the boot sequence is common to all operating systems? 25. Summarize the Windows 10 boot sequence. 26. Which Windows fi le is referred to as the kernel? 27. During which phase of the Windows boot sequence does the operating system switch from the text mode to the graphic mode? 28. Give at least three examples of common portable device tasks. 29. Give two examples of cloud computing resources. 30. Diff erentiate between application software, a software driver, and a software patch. ■ Cloud services have expanded rapidly in recent years because of mobile devices, such as smart- phones and tablets. Common Operating System Terminology ■ Th ere is a tremendous amount of operating system terminology common to all operating systems. ■ Most 32-bit software applications will run on a 64-bit computer system, some will not 32-bit and 64-bit drivers will only run on the system for which they were designed. ■ A software driver is a small package of programs that allow proper communication between the computer and the peripheral device. ■ A software patch is a fi x for operating systems and application software that have already been released. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What does an operating system do? 2. What is a kernel? 3. List common characteristics of all operating systems. 4. Diff erentiate between preemptive multitasking and cooperative multitasking. 5. What are two main advantages of 64-bit systems over 32-bit systems? 6. List two dominant user interfaces used to issue commands on a computer. 7. Where is the root directory located? 8. What is the function of a pathname? 9. What does a fi le table do? 10. What was the main diff erence between Windows 7 and Windows 8? 11. Which Windows OS does not support the traditional Start menu feature, and which OS brought it back?