355 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Summary Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water serve different functions in the body. Each nutrient can be obtained from a number of food sources. Knowing your nutrient needs will help you meet them through the foods you eat each day. Many factors influence a person’s food intake, and the goal of achieving good health is one. MyPlate is a food guidance system that helps you meet your nutrient needs. It divides foods that have similar nutrient content into five groups: fruits, grains, vegetables, protein, and dairy. MyPlate is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which can help you form healthful eating and activity habits. Dietary needs vary at different stages of life. During childhood and the teen years, people have increased needs for some nutrients to support rapid growth. As people reach adulthood, their needs for many nutrients remain high, but their calorie needs decrease. As dietary needs change, be prepared to adjust your eating habits. Your body needs energy for both metabolic and physical activities. Balancing these needs with the calories you get from foods will allow you to control your weight. Being either overweight or underweight can cause health problems. People who need to lose or gain weight need to take steps to do so in a healthful manner. Dramatic, unhealthy weight loss or gain can be the result of an eating disorder. Four types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge- eating disorder, and orthorexia nervosa. Critical Thinking 1. Analyze decisions. Why do you think some people do not eat the proper nutrients? What could be done to change this? 2. Analyze effects. Research cultural influences on food choices. Explain how the MyPlate system could be used to meet dietary needs in another culture. 3. Compare and contrast. Work in a small group to discuss the nutritional needs of people at a specific stage of life. Compare and contrast your group’s findings with the nutritional needs of people at different stages identified by your classmates in other groups. 4. Predict outcomes. How would following a daily program of physical activity affect your calorie needs and your weight? Identify the specific results expected. 5. Analyze trends. Research and write a report on obesity in the United States. What trends did you find? What steps are being taken to address these trends? 21st Century Applications 6. Global awareness. Clean, pure drinking water is not available to many people in various parts of the world. Identify key areas where this is a problem. What are some cost effective ways to provide clean, pure drinking water? What are the social and economic impacts of countries failing to provide basic water purification for its citizens? Write a report of your findings to share with the class. 7. Health literacy. Use the Internet to research the roles of copper, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and selenium in the diet. What are the functions of each mineral in the diet? What can happen if Chapter 13 Review