viii • Revised runout tolerance content. • Expanded chapter review sections with new question formats. • Updated prints, print reading problems, and drafting problems. Model Illustrations The model views featured in illustrations in this text are images of 3D solid mod- els created and dimensioned in Solid Edge, an advanced mechanical design software program. Dimensions and GD&T specifications are applied to the models using prod- uct and manufacturing information (PMI) tools in Solid Edge. The model views cor- respond to the related 2D orthographic views in illustrations and are similar to the model-based pictorial drawings shown in the ASME Y14.5-2018 standard. For illustra- tion purposes in this text, real-world solid models are provided to represent industry practices and are used instead of pictorial drawings for realism and enhanced visual- ization. The model geometry shown may have lineweights that do not comply with ASME standards due to software applications. For detailed viewing and enhanced 3D visualization, files in 3D PDF format are provided for the models featured in illustrations in this text. The 3D PDF files are included in the instructor’s resources for this textbook. These files can be viewed using the Adobe Reader viewer software, which provides rotating, panning, and lighting tools and other display functions for viewing 3D models. About the Cover Shown on the cover are several ball screw assemblies and an orthographic view draw- ing of a ball nut dimensioned using GD&T. A model view of the ball nut appears on the title page in this textbook. Ball screws are widely used in CNC machine tools and other types of industrial machinery. N O T E Examples given in this textbook show specific content being described and may not be completely dimensioned. Keep in mind that real-world drawings representing the same features would be completely dimen- sioned to follow the requirements established by ASME standards and explained in this textbook.