v The authors and publisher would like to thank the following companies, organizations, and individuals for their contribution of resource material, images, or other support in the development of Modern Welding. Acknowledgments 3M Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division ABB, Inc. ACRO Automation Systems, Inc. AGA Gas, Inc. The Aluminum Association AMADA MIYACHI AMERICA, Inc. American Iron and Steel Institute American Tool Companies, Inc. American Torch Tip Co. American Welding Society, Miami, FL Aquasol Corporation Arcair Company, a division of Thermadyne Industries, Inc. Arc Machines, Inc. Arcsmith Atlas Welding Accessories, Inc. Aubrey Bowditch Bay-Tech Industries, Inc. Belchfi re Corp. Bernard, a Division of Miller Electric Mfg. Co. Bessey Tools North America Bethlehem Steel Corporation Brendon Kirby Brian Derby, EPIC Divers and Marine Broco, Inc. Bug-O Systems, Inc. BWE Ltd. Carol Cable Co. CenterLine (Windsor) Limited Central Foundry, Division of General Motors Corporation Central Georgia Technical College Century Mfg. Co. Charles Albright, The Ohio State University CK Worldwide, Inc. Clearing-Niagara CMS/Gilbreth Packaging Systems CMW, Inc. COB Industries, Inc. CONCOA CPS Products, Inc. Cronatron Welding Systems, Inc. Dearman, a division of Cogsdill Tool Products, Inc. Dennis Nance CWI Consultants Co. De-Sta-Co Diamond Ground Products Inc. Dow Chemical Co. E.H. Wachs Company Electrode Dressers, Inc. Electron Microscopy Sciences Electrovert Emhart Teknologies ESAB Welding and Cutting Products FANUC Robotics North America, Inc. Fischer Engineering Co. Fullerton College Fusion, Inc. G.A.L. Gage Co. The Gasfl ux Company GE Inspection Technologies General Motors Corp. Greg Cain of Oxylance, Inc. Gullco International Ltd. H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co., Inc. Handy & Harman/Lucas- Milhaupt, Inc. Haynes Stellite Co. Heck Industries, Inc. Hornell Speedglas, Inc. Hypertherm Ingersoll-Rand Waterjet Cutting Systems Instron® Jackson Products, Div. Thermadyne Industries, Inc. James B. Burkhart Jason Haramut Jet Equipment and Tools Julie Schneider J.W. Harris Co., Inc. J.W. Rex Company Kamweld Technologies Inc. Kayden Instruments, Inc. Kelsey-Hayes Co. Kemper Purifi cation Systems, Inc. Kolene Corporation Krautkramer, Inc. Laramy Products LLC Leica Optical Products Division Lenco/NLC The Lincoln Electric Company Linde Co. Div. Union Carbide Corp. Long Beach City College LORS Machinery, Inc. Magnafl ux Magnatech LLC Maitlen & Benson Manufacturing Technology, Inc. McKinney Corporation Metallizing Co. of America, Inc. Michigan Seamless Tube Co. Miller Electric Mfg. Co. Miller Thermal, Inc. Motoman, Inc. Navy Joining Center Nederman, Inc. Nelson Stud Welding, Inc. Norton Co. Obara Corporation Oceaneering International, Inc. The Ohio Nut and Bolt Co. Panametrics, Inc. Parker Research Corp. Phoenix Products Co., Inc. Pressed Steel Tank Co. Proceq USA, Inc.