150 Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 6. What is the name of the part of the coxal bone that receives the head of the femur? 7. Which bone of the lower leg is the stronger bone that bears most of the weight of the body above it? 8. What is the anatomical name for the heel bone? 9. What is the purpose of the two arches in the foot? 10. Compare the motions allowed by the sternoclavicular joint with those allowed by the acromioclavicular joint. Explain how both joints contribute to the motions needed at the shoulder. Analyze and Apply 11. Functionally, why does the pectoral girdle have much more range of motion than the pelvic girdle? 12. Why are there two bones in the forearm rather than just one? 13. Why would you not be able to walk properly if you had a fracture in one of the metatarsals or phalanges? 14. The finger joints allow movement in only one plane, but the thumb can rotate freely. How is this beneficial in everyday life? 15. Why are there two bones in the lower leg rather than just one? Explain how those two bones work together. 16. Find out the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Name your sources. 17. Using different colors of clay, construct a model of the appendicular skeleton, labeling all of the bones included. Attach your appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton you constructed in Lesson 4.2. When you have finished, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of your model. Does it adequately represent the human skeleton? What are the limitations of the model? 18. Using clay, construct models of a male pelvis and a female pelvis. Research the normal size of each coxal bone in each gender and write a short report detailing the size differences in the male and female models. Further explain how this information is helpful to forensic scientists. IN THE LAB Mini Glossary Make sure that you know the meaning of each key term. appendicular skeleton the bones of the body’s appendages the arms and legs carpal bones bones of the wrist clavicle doubly curved long bone that forms part of the shoulder girdle the collarbone femur thigh bone fibula bone of the lower leg does not bear weight humerus major bone of the upper arm lower extremity bones of the hips, legs, and feet metacarpal bones the five interior bones of the hand, connecting the carpals in the wrist to the phalanges in the fingers metatarsal bones small bones of the ankle patella kneecap pectoral girdle bones surrounding the shoulder, including the clavicle and scapula pelvis bones of the pelvic girdle and the coccyx at the base of the spine phalanges bones of the fingers radius smaller of the two bones in the forearm rotates around the ulna scapula shoulder blade tarsal bones bones of the ankle tibia major weight-bearing bone of the lower leg ulna larger bone of the lower arm upper extremity bones of the shoulders, arms, and hands Know and Understand 1. Explain how the bones of the pectoral girdle, along with various muscles and joints, allow movement in many different directions. 2. Which bone of the forearm is larger and stronger than the other? 3. What is the common name for the olecranon process? 4. How many bones are present in your left wrist and hand? 5. Why is the pelvis of a female wider than the pelvis of a male? LESSON 4.3 Review and Assessment Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.