iv Reviewers The author and publisher wish to thank the following industry and teaching professionals for their valuable input into the development of CNC Manufacturing Technology. David Black Anderson W. Clark Magnet High School Glendale, California Doug Bowman Vincennes University Vincennes, Indiana Daniel Colquitt Baker College of Flint Flint, Michigan Jeffrey C. Friend Savannah Technical College Savannah, Georgia Jeff Hines College of Lake County Grayslake, Illinois Tom Larson Dunwoody College of Technology Minneapolis, Minnesota Jordan Lesinski Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan Warren Palmer Red River College Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Garret Parker Randolph Community College Asheboro, North Carolina Todd Sanders Danville Community College Danville, Virginia Clinton Smith Lincoln College of Technology Indianapolis, Indiana Xavier M. F. Smith Jamestown Community College Olean, New York Leonard Walsh Goodwin College East Hartford, Connecticut Chris Waterworth Greater Lawrence Technical School Andover, Massachusetts Acknowledgments The author and publisher would like to thank the companies, organizations, and individuals listed below for their contribution of resource material, images, or other support in the development of CNC Manufacturing Technology. The author and publisher extend special appreciation to Madalyn Belle Photography for substantial contribu- tion to the photography program. Accuform® Iscar Apex Tool Group L.S. Starrett Company CNC Software, Inc. Masterlock DC Turbo MSA Safety Inc. Haas Automation, Inc. Rick Calverley thanks his wife, Gina, and his five sons—Jacob, Zech, Sam, Gabe, and Israel—for the support they provided throughout the process of writing this textbook.