Author: Rick Calverley

CNC Programmer’s Guide is a comprehensive and contemporary resource that provides a solid foundation in the principles of CNC programming, ideal for students pursuing a CNC machining career. Written by an educator and practitioner with over 35 years of field experience, this textbook provides flexibility for a variety of courses in CNC machining. Organized in three sections, it offers complete, introductory coverage on CNC mill programming, lathe programming, and subprogramming. Practical, easy-to-understand examples teach students the essential skills needed to prepare programs for CNC mills and lathes. This textbook explains programming for mats for different controller types where appropriate and uses a building-block approach to develop a broad understanding of CNC programming techniques and machining operations.

Table of Contents

Abbreviated Contents

CNC Programmer's Guide, Online Textbook

• CNC Programmer’s Guide
• Copyright © 2024 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
• Preface
• About the Author
• Acknowledgments
• Reviewers
• Features of the Textbook
• Tools for Student and Instructor Success
• • Student Tools
  • Instructor Tools
• Brief Contents
• Contents
• Feature Contents
• Section 1 CNC Mill Programming
• 1 Machining Mathematics for Milling
• • Chapter 1 Outline
  • Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 1 Key Terms
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Converting Fractions to Decimals
  • 1.3 Geometric Shapes
  • 1.4 Angles
  • 1.5 Trigonometry
  • 1.6 Bolt Circles
  • 1.7 Milling Speeds and Feeds
  • Chapter 1 Review
• 2 Cartesian Coordinate System and Machine Axes for Milling
• • Chapter 2 Outline
  • Chapter 2 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 2 Key Terms
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Number Line
  • 2.3 Two-Dimensional Coordinate System
  • 2.4 Three-Dimensional Coordinate System
  • 2.5 Absolute and Incremental Positioning
  • 2.6 Machine Home and Work Origin
  • 2.7 Four-Axis Machines
  • 2.8 Five-Axis Machines
  • 2.9 Polar Coordinates
  • Chapter 2 Review
• 3 Preparatory Commands: G-Codes
• • Chapter 3 Outline
  • Chapter 3 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 3 Key Terms
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Using G-Codes in a Program
  • 3.3 G-Code Commands
  • 3.4 Startup Blocks
  • Chapter 3 Review
• 4 Miscellaneous Functions: M-Codes
• • Chapter 4 Outline
  • Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 4 Key Terms
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Use of M-Codes
  • 4.3 M-Codes as Program Functions
  • 4.4 M-Codes as Machine Functions
  • Chapter 4 Review
• 5 Address Codes for Mill Programming
• • Chapter 5 Outline
  • Chapter 5 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 5 Key Terms
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Address Codes
  • Chapter 5 Review
• 6 Steps in Program Planning
• • Chapter 6 Outline
  • Chapter 6 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 6 Key Terms
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Print Review
  • 6.3 Part Workholding
  • 6.4 Tool Selection
  • 6.5 Order of Operations
  • Chapter 6 Review
• 7 Mill Program Format
• • Chapter 7 Outline
  • Chapter 7 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 7 Key Terms
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Opening Statement
  • 7.3 Program Body
  • 7.4 Program Closing Statement
  • Chapter 7 Review
• 8 Contouring
• • Chapter 8 Outline
  • Chapter 8 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 8 Key Terms
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Point-to-Point Programming
  • 8.3 Cutter Compensation
  • 8.4 Calculating Angular Moves
  • 8.5 Calculating Radial Moves
  • 8.6 Chamfering
  • Chapter 8 Review
• 9 Pockets and Slots
• • Chapter 9 Outline
  • Chapter 9 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 9 Key Terms
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Pocket Milling
  • 9.3 Pocket Finishing
  • 9.4 Slots
  • Chapter 9 Review
• 10 Hole Machining Operations
• • Chapter 10 Outline
  • Chapter 10 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 10 Key Terms
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Hole Shapes and Types
  • 10.3 Machining Holes
  • 10.4 Canned Cycles
  • 10.5 Hole Patterns
  • 10.6 Helical Milling
  • 10.7 Thread Milling
  • Chapter 10 Review
• 11 Facing and Island Machining
• • Chapter 11 Outline
  • Chapter 11 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 11 Key Terms
  • 11.1 Introduction to Facing
  • 11.2 Facing Tools
  • 11.3 Facing Program Strategy
  • 11.4 Creating the Facing Program
  • 11.5 Island Machining
  • Chapter 11 Review
• 12 Setup Sheets
• • Chapter 12 Outline
  • Chapter 12 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 12 Key Terms
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Exchange of Information
  • 12.3 Setup Sheets
  • 12.4 Setup Sheet Formats
  • 12.5 Efficiency in Production
  • Chapter 12 Review
• 13 Machine Setup
• • Chapter 13 Outline
  • Chapter 13 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 13 Key Terms
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Setting the Workholding
  • 13.3 Establishing Work Coordinates
  • 13.4 Establishing Tool Length Offsets
  • 13.5 Tool Diameter Offsets
  • 13.6 Running the First Piece
  • Chapter 13 Review
• Section 2 CNC Lathe Programming
• 14 Machining Mathematics for Turning
• • Chapter 14 Outline
  • Chapter 14 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 14 Key Terms
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Converting Fractions to Decimals
  • 14.3 Geometric Shapes
  • 14.4 Angles
  • 14.5 Trigonometry
  • 14.6 Tapers
  • 14.7 Thread Measurements
  • 14.8 Turning Speeds and Feeds
  • Chapter 14 Review
• 15 Cartesian Coordinate System and Machine Axes for Turning
• • Chapter 15 Outline
  • Chapter 15 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 15 Key Terms
  • 15.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 Number Line
  • 15.3 Two-Axis Coordinate System
  • 15.4 Machine Home and Part Origin
  • 15.5 C Axis Coordinate Programming
  • Chapter 15 Review
• 16 Preparatory Commands: Lathe G-Codes
• • Chapter 16 Outline
  • Chapter 16 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 16 Key Terms
  • 16.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Using G-Codes in a Program
  • 16.3 G-Code Commands
  • 16.4 Startup Blocks
  • Chapter 16 Review
• 17 Miscellaneous Functions and Address Codes for Lathe Programming
• • Chapter 17 Outline
  • Chapter 17 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 17 Key Terms
  • 17.1 Introduction
  • 17.2 Use of M-Codes
  • 17.3 M-Codes as Program Functions
  • 17.4 M-Codes as Machine Functions
  • 17.5 Address Codes
  • Chapter 17 Review
• 18 Lathe Program Planning
• • Chapter 18 Outline
  • Chapter 18 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 18 Key Terms
  • 18.1 Introduction
  • 18.2 Print Review
  • 18.3 Part Workholding
  • 18.4 Tool Selection
  • 18.5 Order of Operations
  • Chapter 18 Review
• 19 Lathe Contour Programming
• • Chapter 19 Outline
  • Chapter 19 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 19 Key Terms
  • 19.1 Introduction
  • 19.2 Point-to-Point Programming
  • 19.3 Tool Nose Radius Compensation
  • 19.4 Programming Radial Moves
  • 19.5 Programming Angular Moves
  • 19.6 Turning Canned Cycles
  • Chapter 19 Review
• 20 Hole Machining on a Lathe
• • Chapter 20 Outline
  • Chapter 20 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 20 Key Terms
  • 20.1 Introduction
  • 20.2 Hole Drilling Cycles
  • 20.3 Machining Holes with Live Tooling
  • Chapter 20 Review
• 21 Programming Grooves and Parting Off Operations
• • Chapter 21 Outline
  • Chapter 21 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 21 Key Terms
  • 21.1 Introduction
  • 21.2 Planning Grooving Programs
  • 21.3 Programming Straight Wall Grooves
  • 21.4 Programming Chamfers
  • 21.5 G75 Grooving Cycle
  • 21.6 Tapered Wall Grooves
  • 21.7 Full Radius Grooves
  • 21.8 Parting Off
  • Chapter 21 Review
• 22 Threading
• • Chapter 22 Outline
  • Chapter 22 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 22 Key Terms
  • 22.1 Introduction
  • 22.2 Thread Terminology
  • 22.3 Programming Threads
  • 22.4 Tapered Threads
  • 22.5 Multi-Start Threads
  • Chapter 22 Review
• 23 Live Tooling
• • Chapter 23 Outline
  • Chapter 23 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 23 Key Terms
  • 23.1 Introduction
  • 23.2 Special Considerations with Live Tooling
  • 23.3 Radial Hole Machining Canned Cycles
  • 23.4 Slot Milling
  • 23.5 CAM Software Programs
  • Chapter 23 Review
• 24 Lathe Setup
• • Chapter 24 Outline
  • Chapter 24 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 24 Key Terms
  • 24.1 Introduction
  • 24.2 Tool Installation
  • 24.3 Tool Offsets
  • 24.4 Work Offsets
  • 24.5 Setup Sheets
  • 24.6 Setup Sheet Formats
  • 24.7 Efficiency in Production
  • Chapter 24 Review
• Section 3 Subprogramming, Probe Programming, and Macros
• 25 Main Programs and Subprograms
• • Chapter 25 Outline
  • Chapter 25 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 25 Key Terms
  • 25.1 Introduction
  • 25.2 Main Programs and Subprograms
  • 25.3 Mill Subprogramming
  • 25.4 Lathe Subprogramming
  • Chapter 25 Review
• 26 Subprogramming Techniques
• • Chapter 26 Outline
  • Chapter 26 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 26 Key Terms
  • 26.1 Introduction
  • 26.2 The Work Coordinate System
  • 26.3 Using Work Offsets for Subprograms
  • 26.4 Lathe Subprogramming
  • 26.5 Using Subprograms for Multiple Parts and Fixtures
  • 26.6 Layering Subprograms
  • 26.7 Contouring Subprograms
  • 26.8 Using Subprograms in Multiaxis Machining
  • Chapter 26 Review
• 27 Probing for Work Offsets
• • Chapter 27 Outline
  • Chapter 27 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 27 Key Terms
  • 27.1 Introduction
  • 27.2 Bore Probing Cycle
  • 27.3 Boss Probing Cycle
  • 27.4 Rectangular Pocket Probing Cycle
  • 27.5 Rectangular Block Probing Cycle
  • 27.6 Pocket X Axis Probing Cycle
  • 27.7 Pocket Y Axis Probing Cycle
  • 27.8 Web X Axis Probing Cycle
  • 27.9 Web Y Axis Probing Cycle
  • 27.10 Outside Corner Probing Cycle
  • 27.11 Inside Corner Probing Cycle
  • 27.12 Single Surface Probing Cycle
  • Chapter 27 Review
• 28 Probing Inside of the Program
• • Chapter 28 Outline
  • Chapter 28 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 28 Key Terms
  • 28.1 Introduction
  • 28.2 Using the Probe as a Tool
  • 28.3 Starting Probe Position and Protected Moves
  • 28.4 Single Surface Measurement
  • 28.5 Web/Pocket Measurement
  • 28.6 Bore/Boss Measurement
  • Chapter 28 Review
• 29 On Machine Verification
• • Chapter 29 Outline
  • Chapter 29 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 29 Key Terms
  • 29.1 Introduction
  • 29.2 Pros and Cons of On Machine Verification
  • 29.3 Tool Offset Adjustment and Tolerance Verification
  • Chapter 29 Review
• 30 Macros
• • Chapter 30 Outline
  • Chapter 30 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 30 Key Terms
  • 30.1 Introduction
  • 30.2 Using Variables in Macros
  • 30.3 Local Variables
  • 30.4 Global Variables
  • 30.5 System Variables
  • 30.6 Macro Programming Example
  • Chapter 30 Review
• 31 Additional Tips and Tricks
• • Chapter 31 Outline
  • Chapter 31 Learning Objectives
  • Chapter 31 Key Terms
  • 31.1 Introduction
  • 31.2 Verifying the Program
  • 31.3 Establishing Tool Offsets
  • 31.4 Running the First Part
  • 31.5 CAM Programming
  • 31.6 Lathe Taper
  • 31.7 Second-to-Last Cut and Finish Pass
  • 31.8 Programming Feed Rates for Arcs
  • 31.9 Subprogramming Applications
  • 31.10 Metric Programming
  • 31.11 Scaling
  • 31.12 Mirror Imaging
  • Chapter 31 Review
• Reference Section
• Glossary
• • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • V
  • W
  • Z
• Index
• • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • V
  • W
  • Z
• Long Descriptions