280 Unit 4 Understanding and Avoiding Hazardous Substances Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Health Effects of Tobacco Key Terms asthma carbon monoxide carcinogens chronic bronchitis chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emphysema leukoplakia nicotine secondhand smoke smokeless tobacco tar tobacco Key Points • Nicotine is the addictive substance that makes tobacco products diffi cult to quit using. • Tobacco use impacts the cardiovascular system by increasing the speed and pressure of blood fl ow, which makes the heart work harder to pump blood and damages the blood vessels. • Tobacco use and smoke can lead to increased risk factors for respiratory diseases and illnesses. • Smokeless tobacco is just as addictive as cigarettes. • Secondhand smoke causes long-term illnesses and diseases and is particularly harmful for pregnant women, infants, and children. Check Your Understanding 1. The addictive, toxic substance present in all tobacco products is called _____. A. nicotine B. tar C. adrenaline D. carbon monoxide 2. A _____ is a cancer-causing agent. A. carcinogen B. stimulant C. blood clot D. leukoplakia 3. Which of the following is not a form of smokeless t tobacco? A. chewing tobacco B. snuff C. hookah D. dissolvable tobacco Lesson 9.1 Chapter 9 Review and Assessment 4. The condition characterized by thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth is called _____. A. chronic bronchitis B. emphysema C. gum disease D. leukoplakia 5. True or false? Exposure to secondhand smoke ? does not have major health consequences. 6. Critical Thinking. If you had a close friend or family member who smoked, how might you advise him or her to quit smoking? Why People Use Tobacco Key Terms addiction dependence peer pressure substance abuse tolerance withdrawal Key Points • The four stages of substance abuse are experimentation, regular use, tolerance, and dependence and addiction. • People who are addicted to a substance have both a physical and psychological dependence on that substance. • Identity exploration is one factor that leads people to begin using tobacco. • Attitudes of friends and family toward tobacco use strongly influence an individual’s attitudes toward tobacco use. • Tobacco use in the media may encourage tobacco use among adolescents. Check Your Understanding 7. Smoking a cigarette “just to try it” is an example of behavior in the fi rst stage of substance abuse, called _____. A. dependence B. tolerance C. regular use D. experimentation Lesson 9.2 Assess Assess