40 Computer Service and Repair
This will become apparent shortly. Examine
Figure 2-7. This is a typical directory and file
structure. It shows the relationship of the root
directory, directories, subdirectories, and files.
The root directory is at the top of the
directory structure. In this case,
C:\
appears at the
top. Thus, the root directory is
C:
(the hard drive).
Next, there are two directories stemming from
the root directory:
Games
and School. Directory
and subdirectory are relative terms. Looking at
the example again, you will see that
English
is a
subdirectory to School. Both
English
and
School
are directories, but the placement in the structure
determines if it is a subdirectory. Directories
and subdirectories can contain files. Under the
directory Games, you can see several game files
such as
Hearts
and Solitaire.
A pathname is used to identify the location of
a specific file. Look at Figure 2-8. The pathname
for the file is
Computer Local Disk(C:) Users
Richa_000 My
Pictures. The “Computer” in
the directory structure identifies the local user
computer or workstation.
C:\
is the root directory,
Users
is the first directory, and
Richa_000
is a
subdirectory of Users.
My Pictures
is the final
Windows NT helped Microsoft retain control of
the operating system market.
In most operating systems that are used
today, the GUI displays the file system consisting
of folders, icons, and names. One great advantage
of using the GUI is that the entire file structure is
easily displayed and interpreted. Figure 2-5 shows
a typical GUI display of a file system organization.
A typical GUI is seen in Figure 2-6. Although
this is a Windows XP desktop, all Windows GUIs
are very similar. On the desktop are a number of
program icons.
File System Structure
There are many different file systems, but
they all have common characteristics. Programs
and files are stored on computers in much the
same way regardless of the operating system
used. The basic structure is made of directories,
subdirectories, and files. A file is a program or
a collection of data that forms a single unit. A
directory and subdirectory are groupings of
files. The distinction between a directory and
subdirectory is in how they relate to each other.
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Recovery Console Command Function
attrib View or set the attributes of a fi le or directory.
cd View or change the current directory.
chkdsk
Check and display the status of a hard drive.
copy Copy a fi le.
del Delete a fi le.
dir
Display the fi les and subdirectories of the current
working directory.
disable Disable a service or a driver.
diskpart Partition a hard drive.
enable
Enable a service or a driver.
exit Exit Recovery Console.
fi xmbr Repair the master boot record.
format
Format a hard drive or fl oppy disk.
help Display a list of Recovery Console commands.
md Create a directory.
ren
Rename a fi le.
rd Delete a directory.
Figure 2-4.
Windows XP Recovery
Console commands.