xii For more information about CompTIA certifi cations, such as industry acceptance, benefi ts, or updates, visit certifi cation.comptia.org. CompTIA A+ Correlation Charts Complete mappings (correlation charts) of the CompTIA A+ Exam Objectives to the content of the Computer Service and Repair textbook are located on the G-W web- site at www.g-w.com. On this website, you will fi nd one correlation chart per exam: ■CompTIA A+ 220-1001 (Core 1) ■CompTIA A+ 220-1002 (Core 2) Each chart lists the exam objectives and corresponding page numbers of where to fi nd the related content. Th e fi fth edition of Computer Service and Repair was revised to align to current CompTIA A+ Exam Objectives. Additionally, updates were made in each chapter to pro- vide coverage of the newest operating systems and recent technological developments in computing and mobile devices. Th e most noticeable change to this edition is a minor reorganization of the chapters, resulting in 26 chapters rather than 22 as in the last edition. In the previous edition, many chapters were lengthy. Many of these chap- ters were divided to reduce the chapter’s footprint in the book for ease of use and to make the content feel less daunting to the student. How to Become CompTIA Certifi ed Th is training material can help you prepare for the CompTIA A+ Certifi cation 220-1001 and 220-1002 Exams. Th e Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) is a nonprofi t information technology (IT) trade association. Its certifi cations are designed by subject-matter experts. Each certifi cation is vendor- neutral, covers multiple technologies, and requires demonstration of skills and knowledge widely sought after by employers in the IT industry. Th ere are four general steps to achieving CompTIA certifi cation: 1. Choose the desired IT certifi cation from CompTIA. 2. Familiarize yourself with the exam, its objectives, and the types of questions used. 3. Begin studying, learning, and preparing for the exam. 4. Register for the exam, read and sign the Candidate Agreement, and take and pass the exam. CompTIA A+ Certifi cation New to This Edition ■ Chapter 1 Introduction to a Typical PC was updated and revised to include modern connection types, such as Lightning and Th underbolt cables. ■ Chapter 2 Operating Systems now includes new CompTIA Objectives and an updated discussion of Windows 10. ■ Chapter 3 Motherboards remains largely intact from the previous edition but with a general update and revision. ■ Chapter 4 Central Processing Unit (CPU) updates include new processors and features and content to meet new CompTIA Objectives.