Copyright © 2015
by
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
Previous editions copyright 2010, 2006, 2004,
2002, 2000, 1995, 1990, 1987, 1985, 1981, 1979
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored, or
transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including
information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written permission of
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
ISBN: 978-1-61960-650-0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 — 15 — 19 18 17 16 15 14
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Brand Disclaimer: Brand names, company names, and illustra-
tions for products and services included in this text are provided for educational purposes only and do not
represent or imply endorsement or recommendation by the author or the publisher.
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Safety Notice: The reader is expressly advised to carefully read,
understand, and apply all safety precautions and warnings described in this book or that might also be
indicated in undertaking the activities and exercises described herein to minimize risk of personal injury or
injury to others. Common sense and good judgment should also be exercised and applied to help avoid all
potential hazards. The reader should always refer to the appropriate manufacturer’s technical information,
directions, and recommendations; then proceed with care to follow specifi c equipment operating instructions.
The reader should understand these notices and cautions are not exhaustive.
The publisher makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either expressed or implied, including
but not limited to equipment, procedures, and applications described or referred to herein, their quality,
performance, merchantability, or fi tness for a particular purpose. The publisher assumes no responsibility for
any changes, errors, or omissions in this book. The publisher specifi cally disclaims any liability whatsoever,
including any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or
in part, from the reader’s use or reliance upon the information, instructions, procedures, warnings, cautions,
applications, or other matter contained in this book. The publisher assumes no responsibility for the activities
of the reader.
The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Internet Disclaimer: The Internet listings provided in this text link
to additional resource information. Every attempt has been made to ensure these sites offer accurate, infor-
mative, safe, and appropriate information. However, Goodheart-Willcox Publisher has no control over these
websites. The publisher makes no representation whatsoever, either expressed or implied, regarding the
content of these websites. Because many websites contain links to other sites (some of which may be inap-
propriate), the publisher urges teachers to review all websites before students use them. Note that Internet
sites may be temporarily or permanently inaccessible by the time readers attempt to use them.
Cover Image: Tatyana Vyc, OLJ Studio, Rido/Shutterstock.com