Introduction
5
444
Part
Five
Dimensions
of
Families
The Five-Year-Old
Gets along reasonab
ly well with other
children and takes part in games and
other activities.
Behaves courteously in certain situations.
Waits f
or turn to talk; says
please
and
thank you.in
Participates singing.
May choose special friends for the fi
rst time.
Can be silly with friends.
Likes to phone fr
iends, but does not say much.
May not like organized games, but prefers
to make up own games and play
activities.
Enjo
ys being left alone while at play.
17-6
This
chart
outlinesstages
of s
ocial development during the
preschool years.
The
One-Year-Old
Enjo
ys talking to adults with simple sounds.
Enjoys pla
ying with pet.
Ma
y be easily frustrated when someone
says
no.alk
Ability to w
and talk allows child to gain
some independence from adults.
Enjoys playing simple games with siblings.
Likes to run from adult in chasing game.
Learns to
express
for persons
other than
family.
Is constantly on the move, looking for
something to do.
Wants to be independent, yet likes to be
near parent or sibling.and
Likes to listen to music “dance.”
Benefi
ts from being with older children.
The
Two-Year-Old
Enjoys w
atching people.
Enjoys opportunity to use gross-motor skills
and participate in climbing activities.
Likes to play near other children rather than
with them (parallel play). Begins learning masculine and feminine
social roles.
Becomes a “grabber”
and will try to snatch objects.
Does not like to share
toys.
Maprized
y pull hair or bite before giving up a
possession.
Maofferedlearned
y give up a possession more easily when
a
substitute.y
Has not to sa
please, but often
desires to
ys held by other children.
The
Three-Year-Oldwith Child is able to play other children in
cooperative play.
Very sensitiv
e about being watched.
Tries to please and conform.
Asks
many questions.
Lik
es simple guessing games.
Enjoys playing dress up.
Lov
es dirt, water, and mud.
Needs some group e
xperiences and social play.
Can go places without parents and feel
comfortable.parents
May cry when
leave, but parents
should leave, reassuring child of their return.
Ma
y exhibit direct aggressive feelings by
saying,
“I hate you.”
When this happens,
parents should not withhold their love, but
instead show the child their love can be
counted on.
The Four-Year-Old
Gets along better with adults and peers and
is capable of cooperative play.
Loves to play dress up and imitate adult roles.
Enjoys parties and anticipates going to them.
Talks about not inviting someone to a party
to show dislike of them.
Tries to gain favor of someone.
Asks many questions of everyone.
Does not hesitate to talk to anyone who
comes into house—repair persons, etc.
May pick up “dir
ty” words and enjoy
shoc
king a parent by
saying them.
Lear
ns to obey rules at school and
may
sometimes rebel at following them.
Social Development from One to Fiveaffection
Lively Features Inspire Learning
• Attractive Pictures and
Charts help bring the content to
life and make concepts clearer
Chapter 10
Communication Challenges
275
Teen Focus
Avoi
d Being a
Victim
Av
oid Being a Victim
What can teens and adults do to stop the violence? Across country,
teens and parents are seeking answers to the problem of violence.
this problem in your school and community requires
everyone’stheAddressing
cooperation.
Teens need to be infor
med about what the
y can do to avoid being targets
of b
ullying and gang violence. These suggestions can help.
• Try to
stay
away
from areas frequented by bullies or gangs.
•
Do not wear clothing that resembles gang symbolsThis
. You will be giving the
gang an e
xcuse to harass
you.
•
Try not to let bullies or gang members scare you.
is what they want. If
possib
le, ignore them and walk
away.
•
Do not get into a fi
ght. Stand up for yourself without being
hostile.Getting
into a fi ght is acting like the bully or gang member.
•
Get help from your friends. Ask your friends to stay around you and be
there to support
you.everything
•
Keep a written record. If you are confronted
by a bully or gang,
write down
the date, time, and that happened, as well as the names of any
witnesses, so you will have
specifi c infor
mation to take to the authorities.
• If you f
eel threatened or an incident occurs, tell your parents and
authorities immediately. Do not wait to be attacked again. This is not
“tattling.” It is helping yourself and other teens,
too.violent
P
ositive steps can be taken to stop the pattern of behavior .
Violence
is negative communication and a learned
behaviorcommunication .
Bullies and gang members
have learned that anger, aggression, and intimidation are tools
forinto solving
problems. They communicate their f
eelings through anger and violent behavior.
Action can be taken to turn this negative
form
of positive
communication. What can you do in your community to help stop the violence?
Step 3.
Identify
alternative
solutio
ions.
Bothpartiescanpropose
solutions.
Stepself-analyzehhandhelps
4.
Identif
ify a possible solutbot
ion.
Themediatorratiosesispused
evi
ossible
solutions, based
on
t h e
feelings of
parties. Negoti
n
to
providereactionsrk.fThebothdihould
bothparties
with
of w
at t
h
ey
want.
St
ep 5. Reach an
agr
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me
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eachpartytasccould
ept
an
agreement t h
at
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wo
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Th
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willhappenif
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e
Chapter 1
You: Growing and Changing
41
Volunteering Volunteering
Y
ou can return something to y
our community, your countr
y, your world
by volunteering. Volunteering is choosing freely to provide a service for others
without pay.
Globally, v
olunteerism is a growing movement. Across the world, people
are in need.
Gover
nments are not able to help all who suffer.
organizations step in when needed to ease suffering
wherevVolunteer
er possible. All of
these organizations rely on volunteer help, either to provide the aid directly or
to raise funds to support the work of the organization.
Once y
ou start volunteering, you will discov
er that giving to others brings
much personal satisfaction. Even though your time may be limited, every
minute can count. With volunteer work, you can decide how much time youYou
have to give.
By volunteering, you not only help others, but you also help
can devou
velop a wide range of skills as you work to benefi
t
others.yourself.
Volunteering
gives y
the
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•
identify community
•
put your special talents
• test your skills
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•
with people in different age groups
• make important contacts in your community
• be recogniz
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donevolunteer..communityasmalthrough
There are
various
ways you can Y
ou can work an
estab
lished organization that uses volunteer help, such as Habitat for
Humanity or the American Red Cross.
Every has programs that
need volunteers. These may include museums, zoos, animal shelters, libraries,
park districts, and nursing homes.s
Another way to get involved as a volunteer to work
organizations to which you already belong. Your group mayoumake
y even to
launch its own volunteer program to fi ll a need it sees in your community.oury
Can y
ou think of other
ways you can volunteer to help
community, country, and world a better place to live?live?
Did You Know?and
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olunteer
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Chapter 1
You: Growing and Changing
31
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Explore
Science Science
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consider your
to important