369 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • Give the location, name the major parts, and explain the operation of an injection nozzle holder. • Describe the difference between open and closed nozzle designs. • Describe the construction and operation of hole, pintle, and Pentaux® nozzles. • Explain how spray hole design, opening pressure, differential ratio, needle and spindle mass, valve guide diameter, needle lift, fuel sac design, and diameter affect hole nozzle operation and performance. • Successfully remove and install a nozzle holder and nozzle. • Successfully disassemble, inspect, clean, reas- semble, and test nozzle holders and nozzles. • Describe the operation and service procedures for pencil injection nozzles. • Describe the types of fuel injection tubing and connections used for high pressure injection fuel lines. Injection Nozzles Technical Terms abrasives air agitated solvent tank back leakage capped pencil nozzle caustic soda solution CAV Pentaux® nozzle chatter chatter test closed injector nozzles closing pressure delay nozzles differential ratio fuel sac volume hole injector nozzle injector dribble injector nozzle nozzle holder open injector nozzles opening pressure pencil fuel injection nozzle pintle injector nozzle spray holes spray pattern sulfur ultrasonic cleaner valve guide diameter Chapter 18