Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
50 Engineering Fundamentals
During the testing and analysis step, it could
be discovered that the solution does not work or
it is not the best possible solution. It could be too
costly to produce, it may not be strong enough
to perform the desired task, or market analysis
could show that people are not willing to buy it.
Engineers may discover a new idea for a design
that is better. They can take this new information
back to the appropriate step in the design process
and work back through it until they have the best
possible design solution.
See Workbook Activity 3-6 to test and ana-
lyze your design solution against the identi-
fied criteria.
Final Solution or Output
Once a design passes the testing/analysis step,
it is ready to be manufactured or built. The next
job for the engineer is to accurately and completely
describe the design solution to the people who will
make it. Engineers put together a set of documents
that includes drawings and specifi cations for the
part(s) to be made.
In order to communicate a design idea, draw-
ings must be created. There are many different
kinds of drawings. Each type of drawing serves
a specifi c purpose.
Design solutions are communicated using
mechanical drawings. Mechanical drawings
are highly accurate technical drawings meant
to communicate the size and shape of objects
in great detail. These drawings can be created
using a conventional drawing board and
manual tools, but are most often created using
CAD software on a computer. Pictorial and
orthographic drawings are typically used to
communicate the shapes.
Pictorial drawings show a single view of an
object, but show it in a way that makes it look
3-D, as your eye would see it. See Figure 3-12.
Pictorial drawings are easy for the viewer to see
and understand. They are often used to show
people what the overall shape will look like.
Because they are drawn to look 3-D, the angles
within the drawing are distorted and are not
completely accurate.
Orthographic drawings, also known as
multiview drawings, are the true shape, and show
what a part will look like from a given direction.
Refer to Figure  3-13. They are called multiview
because it is usually necessary to include more
than one view of an object to completely commu-
nicate the shape and size. Orthographic draw-
ings are usually dimensioned, meaning that there
are notes on the drawing to communicate size,
angles, hole specifi cations, threads, fi nish, and all
other pertinent information.
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher
Figure 3-12. 
This pictorial drawing shows a single view of the locker
design.