Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Chapter 9 Tobacco 275
With response substitution, people learn to respond to diffi cult feelings
and situations with behaviors other than smoking by using stress manage-
ment, relaxation, and coping skills.
Additional Strategies and Resources
Some people need additional support to
quit smoking. The following are additional
strategies and resources for treating an addiction to nicotine.
Attend individual or group counseling.
Talk to a school guidance counselor, doctor, teacher, or other
trusted adult.
Call a telephone helpline that provides free counseling to those
who are trying to quit using tobacco.
Research online resources for help with quitting.
Leading health agencies
oppose the use of e-cigarettes
as a form of smoking cessation.
Figure 9.12
Smoking Rates around the World
Local and Global Health
S
L
Rates of smoking vary considerably by country.
People who live in wealthier countries are less likely
to smoke than those who live in poorer countries. One
explanation for this difference is that people who are
wealthy tend to have higher levels of education. People
with higher levels of education may be more aware of
the substantial health hazards of using tobacco.
Rates of smoking also vary by gender. In most
countries, men are more likely to smoke than women.
Health experts believe these differences in smoking
rates may refl ect differences in gender roles. For
example, women smoking may be viewed as less
acceptable than men smoking in some parts of the
world. In addition, women may not have access to
money or be able to afford cigarettes in some countries.
Percentage of Smokers around the World
% Men Who
Smoke
% Women
Who Smoke
East Asia and Pacifi c 62 5
Europe and Central
Asia
53 16
Latin America and
Caribbean
39 22
Middle East and North
Africa
38 7
South Asia 20 1
Sub-Saharan Africa 28 8
response substitution
a technique in which
people train themselves
to respond to stress with
healthy methods of coping
and relaxation, rather than
smoking
Thinking Critically
1. Hypothesize why smoking rates among men
are higher in East Asia, the Pacifi c, Europe,
and Central Asia than in other areas.
2. What steps can governments take to decrease
smoking rates in their respective countries?
Which strategies would you support? Which
would you oppose?
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