Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 9 Tobacco 263 Lung Cancer and Other Cancers. Lung cancer occurs when abnormal cells in one or both lungs grow rapidly and form a mass of cells, which is called a tumor. This growth usually happens in the cells that line the air passages. As the tumors grow, they interfere with the lungs’ ability to transport oxygen to the bloodstream. Tumors can also spread from the lungs to other parts of the body. Tobacco smoke contains over 70 carcinogens, g or cancer- causing agents, that can lead to the abnormal growth of cells in the mouth, throat, and lungs. This is why smokers have higher rates of cancer than nonsmokers. Your Appearance Tobacco use has numerous negative internal effects, but it also has neg- ative external effects. People who smoke for at least 10 years show more wrinkles in their skin. This is because the nicotine in tobacco causes blood vessels to get smaller, which makes it more diffi for oxygen and nutri- ficult ents to reach the skin. Tobacco use causes stained teeth, brittle nails, and thin hair. Smokers also tend to have bad breath, and clothes and hair that smell of smoke (Figure 9.5). The Hazards of Smokeless Tobacco Forms of smokeless tobacco include chewing tobacco, snuff, snus (a form of snuff), and dissolvable tobacco. Chewing tobacco involves placing wads, or plugs, of tobacco leaves between the cheeks and gums (Figure 9.6). Snuff is a fi nely cut or powdered tobacco that is inhaled or placed between fi the cheek and gums. Dissolvable tobacco is taken in the form of flavored fl mouth drops or strips. Smokeless tobacco also includes electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which produce a tobacco-containing aerosol that users inhale. Types of ENDS include vaporizers, vape pens, hookah pens, e-cigarettes, and e-pipes. Tobacco use yellows teeth and can cause bad breath and other oral problems. Figure 9.5 When Hall of Fame baseball player Tony Gwynn died of salivary gland cancer at the age of 54, many major league baseball players pledged to quit chewing tobacco. Prior to his death Gwynn had blamed his longtime chewing habit for the development of the cancer. Do you know high school athletes who chew tobacco? Do you think these athletes are aware of the dangers of smokeless tobacco? Figure 9.6 smokeless tobacco a tobacco-related product that does not require burning includes chewing tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) carcinogens substances that cause cancer