Chapter 19 Agricultural and Related Technology
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Objectives
The information given in the chapter will
help you do the following:
❏
Explain what agriculture is.
❏
Compare the two major types of
agriculture.
❏
Give examples of the six major
groups of crops grown on farms.
❏
Summarize the seven main types
of machines used in growing and
harvesting crops.
❏
Recall the fi ve main types of livestock
farms.
❏
Explain how technology is used in
aquaculture.
❏
Explain how biotechnology can be
used in agriculture.
❏
Summarize the fi ve methods of food
preservation used today.
❏
Explain the concept of an artifi cial
ecosystem.
❏
Give examples of ways quality
control is used in agriculture and
biotechnology.
Key Words
These words are used in this chapter. Do
you know what they mean?
agricultural technology
agriculture
animal husbandry
animal science
aquaculture
artifi cial ecosystem
baler
biotechnology
combine
crop
cultivator
disc
drip irrigation
forestry
gene-splicing
genetic engineering
grain drill
harrow
harvest
hydroponics
irrigation
pest control
pivot sprinkler
plant
plant science
plow
sprinkler irrigation
swather
tillage
tractor
Preparing to Read
Look carefully for the main ideas as
you read this chapter. Look for the details
that support each of the main ideas.
Use the Reading Organizer at the end
of the chapter to organize the main and
supporting points.
Early nomads are thought to have
become the world’s fi rst farmers. They
planted seeds of certain grasses for food.
These grasses produced a new crop we
now call grain. The nomads built villages
as they waited for the seeds to grow and
ripen. All this took place about 10,000 years
ago. The building of villages happened in
several places, including areas that are
now Jordan, Iraq, and Turkey. The villagers
tended the crops with crude hoes and bone
sickles (cutters). This was some of the fi rst
technology people developed.
Today, modern farming uses both
science and technology. Science is used
in many agricultural activities, including
cross-pollinating crops and crossbreeding
livestock. These types of science are
called plant science and animal science.
Likewise, science is used to describe the
seasons. Scientifi c knowledge of weather