Introduction
IX
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Unit 1 You and Others 36
You enjoy being with other people. Healthy
communication means letting people know
how you really feel. When you do, they can
better understand you.
Try to express positive thoughts and
feelings about other people. Do not assume
people know you care about them. There
are many ways to let them know. You can
tell them in person. Write a letter or poem.
Show how you feel by using nonverbal
communication. You can make a drawing or
give someone a hug or a smile.
Healthy communication often occurs
when you feel good about yourself, and
then you share that with others. There are
times, however, when you do not feel good about yourself. You may take this
out on other people. You may use harsh words to hurt them or ignore them.
You may act like a bully. A
bully
is a person who uses strength or power to
persuade or pressure others (using force or fear) to do something. These are
unhealthy forms of communication that can hurt people.
When people feel hurt, healthy communication can still be present.
If people are aware of others’ moods, they can help. For instance, your
mother may sense when you feel hurt, and respond lovingly. Your teacher
may know you work hard in class, and offer praise.
Talk about your negative feelings. For instance, when your parents buy
you new clothes, thank them. If you do not like the clothes, let them know.
Explain why you do not like the clothes. Ask your parents if you can return
them and choose what you like. Your parents should try to understand. When
they tell you why they chose the clothes, you will better understand them.
Reading
Review
1. What are some benefi ts of healthy communication?
2. How can you let people know you care about them?
3. What are some signs of unhealthy communication?
arYou y y
! Relationships depend on communication.
• People communicate to share feelings and thoughts.
• You can use verbal and nonverbal communication to send messages.
• Communicating well includes speaking and writing clearly. Being an
active listener is also an important part of communicating.
• Your behavior sends messages about you to others.
• Having good communication skills is healthy.
Prevent Bullying
Acting like a bully is an unhealthy form
of communication. Bullying can be the use
of written, verbal, or electronic expression,
or a physical act or gesture. Some schools
have guidelines to prevent bullying. If you
experience bullying, share the details with
an adult, such as a parent or teacher.
Always use healthy communication.
Safety Link
Unit 2 You—A Manager 96
What is most important to you in life?
What do you hope to do today and in the
future? The answers to these questions
are determined by your values and goals.
Values
are strong beliefs and ideas about
what is important.
Goals
are what you
want to achieve. Your values and goals
affect the life you lead.
Values
Your values are part of you. See 3-6.
They serve as guides for how you live
your life. They provide direction for your
actions. Knowing your values can help
you make satisfying decisions.
You can have many different values.
A few examples are freedom, service to
others, and strong family ties. You and
your family’s views on religion, education,
health, and security are also values. Your
values affect what you want and how you
act. They also affect how you use your
resources and the decisions you make, or choose not to make. For instance,
you may value being healthy. To maintain a healthful lifestyle, you choose
to be physically active and eat healthful foods.
Learning Values from Others
You learn values from what others
say and do. For instance, young children
are strongly affected by their parents’
values. They notice how their parents
act and what they say. For instance,
when parents volunteer to help with a
food drive, children often learn to value
community involvement. Some children
are also infl uenced by the values of
their religious training.
As children get older, they have
more experiences outside the home.
Their friends and teachers may have
values different from their parents.
Children may consider these values.
They may then accept some of the
values, and reject others.
Community Link
You learn many of your values from your family.
3-6
Chapter 7
The Foods Eat
203
Cultural and Social
Infl
uences
Another strong infl
uence on your choice
of food is your ethnic or cultural heritage.
When people talk about their culture, they
often describe special foods that are part of
their background. Throughout the world,
people enjoy foods that refl
ect their local
cultures. In England, people might dine on
fi
sh and chips. In Italy, pasta dishes are part
of the culture. In the Middle East, people
often eat hummus, which is a food made
from chickpeas. See
7-3.
A wide variety of foods is part of the
culture in the United States. People from
many different cultures contributed these
foods. Native Americans were one of
these cultural groups. Hundreds of years
ago, Native Americans raised corn, beans,
pumpkins, and squash. These foods are
still part of the culture in the United States.United Each cultural group that settled in the States brought its own
eating habits and food customs. For instance, people from China brought
the cooking technique of stir-frying. People from Mexico brought foods
such as tacos and burritos.
Sometimes people could not fi
nd foods from their
culture. Therefore, they adapted available foods to
their ways of cooking. They also created new ways
to prepare these foods. For instance, French
people in Louisiana developed Cajun cooking.
As the United States grew, many people
moved from one region to another. They
again brought their food customs with them.
As a result, you can now fi
nd many cultural
foods throughout the United States.from
Traditions
are customs passed one
generation to another. Family traditions affect
foods children learn to like and enjoy. Typical
breads on your family table may be bagels,
biscuits, or tortillas. Special meats, fi
sh, or baked
goods may be prepared for family celebrations.
Some families adapt traditional foods to meet
the changing likes and dislikes of family
members. Some families and individuals
follow vegetarian meal patterns. See 7-4.
Cultural Infl
uences and
Food Choices
Some of the foods your family eats
may relate to your culture. They may be
foods your relatives brought from another
country. The region where you live is also
part of your culture. Some of the foods
you enjoy may be special to your region.
Southern fried chicken and New England
clam chowder are examples.
Bring a special family food to class
and have a
tasting
party. Along with the
food, include a brief summary of the origin
of the food and the recipe. Bring enough
copies of the recipe to share with the class.
Social Studies Link
Borscht, a beet soup, is popular in
Russian culture.
7-3
Chapter 7
The Foods You Eat
215
Most teens want to look and feel
their best. Every person’s natural size is
different. There is no one size that is
better
than another. You may, however, want
to gain or lose a few pounds. You may
want to maintain your current weight. To
manage your weight, you need to learn
how to balance the healthful foods you eat
with physical activity.
Calories
Energy is the capacity for doing work.
The energy you get from food helps
you stay alive, work, play, grow, and
be healthy.
Calories are units of energy
provided by proteins, carbohydrates, and
fats. For instance, an orange has around
60 calories. This means it will supply your body with that much energy for
activity. You need to eat a certain number of calories each day. They provide
your body with the energy it needs to function.
You need to learn about calories. Your MyPlate plan tells you how
many calories you need. This amount depends on your age, sex, and level
of physical activity. See
7-9 . Physical activity helps you use calories.eat.
You should also fi
nd out how many calories are in the foods you
Some cookbooks and nutrition books have calorie charts. You can
record your physical activity and the food you eat on
chooseMyPlate.gov
. It will keep track of your calories
for you.
Reading
Review
1. Why might you and your friends have
different calorie needs?
2.
How can you fi
nd out how many
calories are in your favorite foods?
Calories and Weight
The food you eat provides your body with
the calories it needs. If you eat a balanced
diet and are at a healthy weight for your
body build, you are probably eating the
right number of calories. This means your
body uses all the calories you take in from
Your body needs more calories to run than
it does to watch TV.
7-9
Planning a Healthful Diet
When planning a diet, remember to
choose foods from the fi
ve main groups
in MyPlate. You should also eat regular
meals that include a variety of foods.
Be sure to choose lower calorie foods
and eat smaller amounts to lose weight.
If you want to gain weight, choose
nutritious higher calorie foods and eat
larger amounts. Be sure to check with
a doctor, nutritionist, or school nurse
before beginning any diet program.
Health Link
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