348 Glossary
fore plane: A plane approximately 18″ long
that is used to joint (smooth) the edges of long
pieces of stock in preparation for gluing. (4)
forester: A person whose job involves the
conservation, care, development, management,
and production of forest lands. (11)
formal balance: A condition in which all of
the elements on one side of a design are mirror
images of the elements on the other side. (3)
freehand routing: Routing that is done
without the use of a guide or template. (5)
fulcrum pin: A pin that acts as a guide and
support when machining irregular edges on the
shaper. (6)
G
garnet: A naturally occurring mineral
used to make tough, durable sandpaper that is
particularly useful for fi nish sanding. (8)
glue block: A small piece of stock attached
to a joint to reinforce it. (7)
gouge: A chisel with a curved blade. Also
refers to a lathe tool that is generally used to cut
rough stock to a cylindrical shape. A gouge cuts
rapidly but does not produce a smooth cut or
surface. (4)
grinding: The process of shaping the cutting
edge of tools on a rotating wheel in order to
make them sharp. (4)
grit: Hard, sharp particles. Grit made from
certain compounds, such as aluminum oxide
or garnet, is used to make coated abrasives
(sandpaper). (8)
groove joint: A joint formed when one piece
of stock is fi tted into a groove that runs along
the grain of another piece of stock. (7)
ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI):
A device that senses when an undesired path
exists between a power source and a grounded
surface. It immediately interrupts the fl ow of
electricity to protect the operator from shock. (2)
grounding pin: The longer, round pin on a
three-prong plug. (2)
H
hand scraper: A fl at piece of high-carbon
steel with a burnished edge. Used to smooth
wood surfaces prior to fi nishing. Also called a
card scraper. (8)
hand screws: Clamps with two adjustable
wooden jaws held together by two screws. Also
called parallel jaw clamps. (7)
hardboard: An engineered wood product
made by compressing wood fi bers to form fl at
sheets. Lignin, a natural resin, is used to hold
the fi bers together. (1)
hardware: Metal connectors, fasteners, and
pieces of trim that are used in the construction
of a product. (9)
hardwoods: A tree that is broad-leaved and
deciduous (loses its leaves annually). Also refers
to the wood from such a tree. (1)
harmony: Having all design elements look
as though they belong, giving the product a
unifi ed appearance. (3)
hazardous air pollutant (HAP): An air
pollutant that is a serious threat to health or the
environment. (9)
headstock turning: Shaping wood on a
lathe with the wood mounted at the lathe’s
headstock. (6)
hearing protectors: Devices that help screen
out the high-frequency noises of machines
but still allow the wearer to carry on normal
conversation. (2)
heat bending: A process in which heat is
applied directly to a thin piece of stock by a
heating element inside the bending device. (7)
hinge: Hardware that is generally made
from two pieces of metal (leaves) formed
around a hinge pin. Used to attach doors. (9)
hinge pin: A rod that holds the leaves of
hinges together. (9)
hole saw: A drill attachment used for
cutting large holes. (5)
hollow ground: A concave, sharpened edge
on a cutting tool left by the circular shape of a
grinding wheel. (6)
honing: Moving a tool along an oilstone to
remove the burr left after grinding. (4)
hygroscopic: The tendency to absorb
moisture. (1)