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select grades: Softwood lumber grades
ranging from A through D, with A and B being
the best. Also called fi nish grades. (1)
selective cutting: The practice of harvesting
only some of the trees in an area, leaving others
standing. (1)
semiconcealed hinge: A type of hinge in
which only a portion can be seen when the door
is closed. The visible part is generally attached
to the front of the cabinet. (9)
service: In reference to business: providing
advice, care, repairs, information, or other
intangible (nonmaterial) goods. Contrast with
product. (10)
set: The amount that the teeth of a saw
blade are bent to the side. Set provides clearance
for the blade when sawing. (4)
shank hole: A clearance hole drilled to
receive the unthreaded part of a wood screw’s
shaft. The shank hole should be slightly larger
than the shank diameter of the screw. (5)
shaper: A stationary woodworking machine
with a rotating cutter mounted on a spindle.
Used to cut decorative profi les into straight or
irregular edges of wood stock and to cut simple
wood joints such as a rabbet or tongue-and-
groove joint. (6)
share: A portion of ownership received in
return for investing in a business. (10)
shareholder: An investor who owns shares
(stock) in a business. (10)
silicon carbide: A synthetic compound
made by fusing coke and silica at high
temperatures. It is an extremely hard material
used on tools where sharp, durable cutting
edges are needed. It is also crushed and used
for abrasive paper and grinding wheels. (8)
sliding compound miter saw: A type of
compound miter saw in which the cutterhead is
mounted on sliding arms, making it possible to
cut wider stock than with a regular miter saw. (5)
sliding T-bevel: A layout tool that can
be adjusted to any angle. Also called a bevel
square. (4)
Sloyd knife: A small, single-blade knife used
in woodworking to mark or carve stock. (4)
smooth plane: A plane 6″–10″ long that is
used for smoothing the face surfaces of stock. (4)
snipe: A concave cut that results when a
surfacer digs out a groove at the entry of the
wood into the machine or at the end of the
board when it comes out. (6)
socket chisel: A chisel with a tapered
handle that fi ts into a cone-shaped recess at
the end of the chisel blade. A socket chisel is
usually driven with a mallet. (4)
softwoods: A tree that is coniferous (cone-
bearing) and has needlelike leaves. Also refers
to the wood from such a tree. (1)
solvent: A liquid that can dissolve another
substance. (9)
spindle: A shaft, arbor, or axle on which
another revolving part or cutting tool can be
mounted. (6)
spindle turning: Shaping wood on a lathe
with one end of the wood held at the lathe’s
headstock and the other end held at the lathe’s
tailstock. (6)
spiral-shank nails: Nails that have spiral
or straight “threads” and provide very good
holding power. (7)
spline: A thin, rectangular strip of stock
that is inserted into grooves or saw kerfs made
in the adjacent parts of a joint. (7)
splitter: A device that holds a saw kerf open
during ripping to reduce the kickback hazard.
Splitters are commonly part of the anti-kickback
device. (6)
spokeshave: A shaping tool with two
handles and an adjustable blade that cuts like a
plane iron. Used for smoothing freeform shapes,
such as boomerangs and archery bows. (4)
spray gun: A device that atomizes fi nishing
material (turns it into a fi ne mist) so that it can
be sprayed in thin, uniform coats. (9)
spring clamp: A type of clamp with a
strong spring that holds the jaws together. (7)
squaring up: The process of preparing stock
by making surfaces fl at, corners square, and
opposite sides parallel. (4)
stack cutting: The process of fastening
two or more thin pieces of wood together and
sawing them all at the same time. (6)
stain: Dyes or pigments mixed with solvent.
Used on wood to emphasize grain and impart
color. Wood stains can be classifi ed according to
the solvent used in their manufacture: linseed
oil, turpentine, mineral spirits, alcohol, and
water. (9)