iv New to This Edition The following changes have been made to the third edition of Fluid Power: Hydraulics and Pneumatics to strengthen the integrated learning solution and to keep your class up to date on the latest technology. • Integrated Learning Solution (ILS) has been bolstered by strengthening the relationship between objectives and the chapter outline, the text, and our end-of- chapter materials. The addition of summaries provides another tool for student review. Apply and Analyze and Research and Development activities have been added, extending learning through higher-order thinking skills and hands-on activities. • Examples have been added throughout the text to show math equations in use and the work needed to solve a problem. • Chapter reorganization has moved the safety chapter forward in the text to emphasize its importance. • Chapter 1: Introduction to Fluid Power has streamlined historical content. The chapter takes a broader approach to teaching students the evolution of fl uid power throughout history. • Chapter 5: Fluid Power Standards and Symbols has streamlined standards content to focus more on fl uid power symbols. • Figures have been updated to show newer technology and to help students make real-world connections with chapter concepts. Reviewers The author and publisher wish to thank the following industry and teaching profes- sionals for their valuable input into the development of Fluid Power: Hydraulics and Pneumatics. Wesley Gubitz Cape Fear Community College Castle Hayne, NC John Harris Ivy Tech Community College Shellersburg, IN Jon W. Hineman Ivy Tech Community College Terre Haute, IN Darin Maltsberger Mitchell Technical Institute Mitchell, SD Charles Millar Fanshawe College London, Ontario Tim Tewalt Chippewa Valley Technical College Eau Claire, WI