x
Section 4
The Designed World
Chapter 13
Designing the World through Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232
The Designed World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Designing through Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Technologies and Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Chapter 14
Processing Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
Manufacturing and Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
The Evolution of Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Modern Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Primary and Secondary Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Type of Material Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Material Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Chapter 15
Producing Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278
Secondary Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Types of Manufacturing Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Product Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Product Design and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Designing the Production Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Manufacturing Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Chapter 16
Meeting Needs through Materials Science and Engineering . .296
Materials Science and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Evolution of Materials Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Classifying Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Advancement in Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Chapter 17
Constructing Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316
Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Heavy
Engineering Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Chapter 18
Meeting Needs through Architecture and Civil Engineering . .342
The Development of Architecture and Civil Engineering . . . . . . . . . . 343
Architecture and Civil Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Architectural Design and Drawing Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Civil Engineering Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Structural Members, Shapes, Materials, and Strength . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Structural Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
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