Foundations of Engineering & Technology 8e, Online Textbook
Foundations of Engineering & Technology is a comprehensive, contemporary high school text that focuses on the relationships between technology and multiple engineering disciplines. While covering the impacts of technology, technological systems, the history of technology, the applications of technology, and the designed world, the text also emphasizes engineering and design aspects by focusing on the engineering design process and problem-solving skills. Numerous student-friendly features provide practical examples of the impacts of technology and engineering on our world. STEM Applications, Engineering Design Challenges, and Technology Student Association (TSA) activities help students apply chapter content to real-world situations. The text covers a wide range of topics in various industries while still providing a detailed introduction to the core concepts of engineering and technology, allowing students to build a strong foundation and spark curiosity in a variety of different fields. This book is fully correlated to the ITEEA’s Standards for Technological and Engineering Literacy and to YouScience’s Engineering Technology exam standards. Each chapter includes an Essential Question that aligns to the Framework for P–12 Engineering Learning, designed by Advancing Excellence in P–12 Engineering Education (AE3) and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) research collaborative, encouraging students to think critically about how the chapter concepts relate to a student's life.
Table of Contents
Abbreviated Contents
Foundations of Engineering & Technology 8e, Online Textbook
- Foundations of Engineering & Technology
- Copyright © 2025 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.
- Introduction
- About the Authors
- Reviewers
- Acknowledgments
- New to This Edition
- Partnerships
- Guided Tour
- Tools for Student and Instructor Success
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- Feature Contents
- Section 1 Engineering and Technology: Knowledge, Practices, and Habits for Solving Problems
- Chapter 1 Technology: Dynamic, Human-Created Systems and Products
- Chapter 1 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 1 Technical Terms
- Chapter 1 Essential Question
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Technology Defined
- 1.2 Technology as a Dynamic Process
- 1.3 Positive and Negative Aspects of Technology
- 1.4 The Evolution of Technology
- 1.5 Technology and People
- 1.6 Industrial Contexts for the Application of Technology
- Chapter 1 Summary
- Chapter 1 Know and Understand
- Chapter 1 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 1 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 1 STEM Applications
- Chapter 2 Connecting Technology and Engineering Through Mathematics and Science
- Chapter 2 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 2 Technical Terms
- Chapter 2 Essential Question
- Chapter 2 Introduction
- 2.1 Engineering Defined
- 2.2 Technology’s Relationship to Engineering
- 2.3 Engineering and Technology Outcomes: Inventions and Innovations
- Chapter 2 Summary
- Chapter 2 Know and Understand
- Chapter 2 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 2 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 2 STEM Applications
- Chapter 3 Engineering in Action
- Chapter 3 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 3 Technical Terms
- Chapter 3 Essential Question
- Chapter 3 Introduction
- 3.1 The Engineering Profession
- 3.2 Qualities of an Engineer
- 3.3 Engineering Habits of Mind
- 3.4 Engineering Practices
- 3.5 Engineering Knowledge
- Chapter 3 Summary
- Chapter 3 Know and Understand
- Chapter 3 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 3 Critical Thinking
- STEM Application
- Section 2 Engineering Design and Development
- Chapter 4 Engineering Design Problem Solving
- Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 4 Technical Terms
- Chapter 4 Essential Question
- Chapter 4 Introduction
- 4.1 Problem Solving and Design
- 4.2 System and Product Design
- 4.3 Problem Solving and Design in Engineering
- 4.4 Strategies in Engineering Design
- 4.5 Enacting and Iterating Steps in Engineering Design
- Chapter 4 Summary
- Chapter 4 Know and Understand
- Chapter 4 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 4 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 4 STEM Applications
- Chapter 4 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 5 Developing Design Solution Ideas
- Chapter 5 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 5 Technical Terms
- Chapter 5 Essential Question
- Chapter 5 Introduction
- 5.1 Identify and Define the Problem
- 5.2 Gather Information
- 5.3 Develop Solutions
- Chapter 5 Summary
- Chapter 5 Know and Understand
- Chapter 5 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 5 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 5 STEM Applications
- Chapter 5 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 5 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 6 Making Design Solutions
- Chapter 6 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 6 Technical Terms
- Chapter 6 Essential Question
- Chapter 6 Introduction
- 6.1 Physically Modeling Design Solutions
- 6.2 Physical Models
- 6.3 Producing Physical Models
- 6.4 Material Processing
- 6.5 Experimenting with Materials and Tools for Optimization
- Chapter 6 Summary
- Chapter 6 Know and Understand
- Chapter 6 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 6 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 6 STEM Applications
- Chapter 6 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 7 Evaluating Design Solutions
- Chapter 7 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 7 Technical Terms
- Chapter 7 Essential Question
- Chapter 7 Introduction
- 7.1 Evaluating Design Solutions
- 7.2 Determine Test Criteria
- 7.3 Establish a Procedure for Testing/Experimentation
- Chapter 7 Summary
- Chapter 7 Know and Understand
- Chapter 7 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 7 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 7 STEM Applications
- Chapter 8 Communicating Design Solutions
- Chapter 8 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 8 Technical Terms
- Chapter 8 Essential Question
- Chapter 8 Introduction
- 8.1 Written Communication
- 8.2 Oral Communication
- Chapter 8 Summary
- Chapter 8 Know and Understand
- Chapter 8 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 8 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 8 STEM Applications
- Chapter 8 Engineering Design Challenge
- Section 3 Engineered Systems
- Chapter 9 Technology as an Engineered System
- Chapter 9 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 9 Technical Terms
- Chapter 9 Essential Question
- Chapter 9 Introduction
- 9.1 Technology as an Engineered System
- 9.2 Systems Thinking
- 9.3 Universal Systems Model
- Chapter 9 Summary
- Chapter 9 Know and Understand
- Chapter 9 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 9 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 9 STEM Applications
- Chapter 9 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 10 Inputs to Engineered Systems
- Chapter 10 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 10 Technical Terms
- Chapter 10 Essential Question
- Chapter 10 Introduction
- 10.1 People
- 10.2 Tools and Machines
- 10.3 Materials
- 10.4 Information
- 10.5 Energy
- 10.6 Finances
- 10.7 Time
- Chapter 10 Summary
- Chapter 10 Know and Understand
- Chapter 10 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 10 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 10 STEM Applications
- Chapter 10 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 11 Engineering Processes
- Chapter 11 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 11 Technical Terms
- Chapter 11 Essential Question
- Chapter 11 Introduction
- 11.1 Problem-Solving and the Engineering Design Process
- 11.2 Production Processes
- 11.3 Management Processes
- Chapter 11 Summary
- Chapter 11 Know and Understand
- Chapter 11 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 11 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 11 STEM Applications
- Chapter 12 Engineering Outputs, Feedback, and Control
- Chapter 12 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 12 Technical Terms
- Chapter 12 Essential Question
- Chapter 12 Introduction
- 12.1 Outputs
- 12.2 Feedback and Control
- Chapter 12 Summary
- Chapter 12 Know and Understand
- Chapter 12 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 12 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 12 STEM Applications
- Chapter 12 Engineering Design Challenge
- Section 4 The Engineered World
- Chapter 13 Designing the World Through Engineering
- Chapter 13 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 13 Technical Terms
- Chapter 13 Essential Question
- Chapter 13 Introduction
- 13.1 The Engineered World
- 13.2 Designing Through Engineering
- 13.3 Engineering Design in Technologies and Industries
- 13.4 Navigating the Engineered World
- Chapter 13 Summary
- Chapter 13 Know and Understand
- Chapter 13 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 13 STEM Applications
- Chapter 14 Manufacturing Part 1: Processing Resources
- Chapter 14 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 14 Technical Terms
- Chapter 14 Essential Question
- Chapter 14 Introduction
- 14.1 Manufacturing and Construction
- 14.2 The Evolution of Manufacturing
- 14.3 Modern Manufacturing
- 14.4 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
- 14.5 Primary and Secondary Manufacturing
- 14.6 Types of Material Resources
- 14.7 Material Processing
- Chapter 14 Summary
- Chapter 14 Know and Understand
- Chapter 14 Apply and Analyze
- Critical Thinking and Analysis
- Chapter 14 STEM Applications
- Chapter 14 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 14 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 15 Manufacturing Part 2: Producing Products
- Chapter 15 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 15 Technical Terms
- Chapter 15 Essential Question
- Chapter 15 Introduction
- 15.1 Types of Manufacturing Processes
- 15.2 Product Production
- 15.3 Product Design and Development
- 15.4 Designing the Production Process
- 15.5 Manufacturing Enterprises
- Chapter 15 Summary
- Chapter 15 Know and Understand
- Chapter 15 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 15 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 15 STEM Applications
- Chapter 15 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 16 Meeting Needs Through Materials Science and Engineering
- Chapter 16 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 16 Technical Terms
- Chapter 16 Essential Question
- Chapter 16 Introduction
- 16.1 Materials Science and Engineering
- 16.2 Evolution of Materials Science
- 16.3 Classifying Materials
- 16.4 Advancements in Materials
- Chapter 16 Summary
- Chapter 16 Know and Understand
- Chapter 16 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 16 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 16 STEM Applications
- Chapter 16 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 17 Construction: Designing and Building Structures
- Chapter 17 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 17 Technical Terms
- Chapter 17 Essential Question
- Chapter 17 Introduction
- 17.1 Types of Buildings
- 17.2 Constructing Buildings
- 17.3 Heavy Engineering Structures
- Chapter 17 Summary
- Chapter 17 Know and Understand
- Chapter 17 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 17 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 17 STEM Applications
- Chapter 17 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 18 Meeting Needs Through Architecture and Civil Engineering
- Chapter 18 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 18 Technical Terms
- Chapter 18 Essential Question
- Chapter 18 Introduction
- 18.1 The Development of Architecture and Civil Engineering
- 18.2 Architecture and Civil Engineering
- 18.3 Architectural Design and Drawing Fundamentals
- 18.4 Civil Engineering Foundations
- 18.5 Structural Members, Shapes, Materials, and Strength
- 18.6 Structural Analysis
- Chapter 18 Summary
- Chapter 18 Know and Understand
- Chapter 18 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 18 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 18 STEM Applications
- Chapter 18 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 18 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 19 Energy and Power: Harnessing and Using Our Resources
- Chapter 19 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 19 Technical Terms
- Chapter 19 Essential Question
- Chapter 19 Introduction
- 19.1 Energy, Work, and Power
- 19.2 Types of Energy
- 19.3 Forms of Energy
- 19.4 Sources of Energy
- 19.5 Energy Conversion
- 19.6 Inexhaustible-Energy Converters
- 19.7 Renewable-Energy Converters
- 19.8 Thermal-Energy Converters
- 19.9 Electrical-Energy Converters
- Chapter 19 Summary
- Chapter 19 Know and Understand
- Chapter 19 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 19 STEM Applications
- Chapter 19 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 20 Meeting Needs Through Mechanical Engineering
- Chapter 20 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 20 Technical Terms
- Chapter 20 Essential Question
- Chapter 20 Introduction
- 20.1 Evolution of Mechanical Engineering
- 20.2 Scientific and Mathematical Principles
- 20.3 Measuring Work, Power, and Torque
- 20.4 Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- 20.5 Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics
- 20.6 Mechanical Engineering Careers
- Chapter 20 Summary
- Chapter 20 Know and Understand
- Chapter 20 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 20 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 20 STEM Applications
- Chapter 20 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 21 Information and Communication: Connecting Information, Ideas, and People
- Chapter 21 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 21 Technical Terms
- Chapter 21 Essential Question
- Chapter 21 Introduction
- 21.1 Information and Communication Technology
- 21.2 Communication
- 21.3 Information and Communication Systems
- 21.4 Printed Graphic Communication
- 21.5 Photographic Communication
- 21.6 Telecommunication
- 21.7 Technical Graphic Communication
- 21.8 Computer and Internet Communication
- Chapter 21 Summary
- Chapter 21 Know and Understand
- Chapter 21 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 21 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 21 STEM Applications
- Chapter 21 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 21 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 22 Meeting Needs Through Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering
- Chapter 22 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 22 Technical Terms
- Chapter 22 Essential Question
- Chapter 22 Introduction
- 22.1 Defining Disciplines
- 22.2 Evolution of Electrical, Computer, and Software Engineering
- 22.3 The Science of Electricity
- 22.4 Computer Systems
- Chapter 22 Summary
- Chapter 22 Know and Understand
- Chapter 22 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 22 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 22 STEM Applications
- Chapter 22 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 23 Transportation and Logistics: Moving People and Cargo
- Chapter 23 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 23 Technical Terms
- Chapter 23 Essential Question
- Chapter 23 Introduction
- 23.1 Transportation and Logistics Defined
- 23.2 Transportation as a System
- 23.3 Types of Transportation Systems
- 23.4 Transportation-System Components
- 23.5 Vehicular Systems
- 23.6 Land-Transportation Vehicles
- 23.7 Water-Transportation Vehicles
- 23.8 Air-Transportation Vehicles
- 23.9 Space-Transportation Vehicles
- Chapter 23 Summary
- Chapter 23 Know and Understand
- Chapter 23 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 23 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 23 STEM Applications
- Chapter 24 Meeting Needs Through Aerospace Engineering
- Chapter 24 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 24 Technical Terms
- Chapter 24 Essential Question
- Chapter 24 Introduction
- 24.1 Aerospace Engineering Evolution
- 24.2 Aerospace Engineering
- 24.3 Fundamentals of Aircraft Design
- 24.4 Principles of Flight
- 24.5 Materials Selection
- 24.6 Aerospace Engineering in Other Engineering Fields
- Chapter 24 Summary
- Chapter 24 Know and Understand
- Chapter 24 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 24 STEM Applications
- Chapter 25 Medicine and Healthcare: Maintaining Wellness
- Chapter 25 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 25 Technical Terms
- Chapter 25 Essential Question
- Chapter 25 Introduction
- 25.1 Technology and Wellness
- 25.2 Technology and Illness
- Chapter 25 Summary
- Chapter 25 Know and Understand
- Chapter 25 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 25 Critical Thinking
- STEM Connections
- Chapter 25 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 26 Meeting Needs Through Biomedical Engineering
- Chapter 26 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 26 Technical Terms
- Chapter 26 Essential Question
- Chapter 26 Introduction
- 26.1 Evolution of Biomedical Engineering
- 26.2 Biomedical Engineers
- 26.3 Products of Biomedical Engineering
- 26.4 Human Physiology
- 26.5 Biomechanics
- 26.6 Biomaterials
- 26.7 Biomedical Imaging
- 26.8 Government Regulations and Standards
- 26.9 Bioethics
- Chapter 26 Summary
- Chapter 26 Know and Understand
- Chapter 26 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 26 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 26 STEM Applications
- Chapter 26 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 27 Agriculture and Biological Technologies: Producing, Using, and Caring for Living Organisms
- Chapter 27 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 27 Technical Terms
- Chapter 27 Essential Question
- Chapter 27 Introduction
- 27.1 Types of Agriculture
- 27.2 Animal Husbandry
- 27.3 Aquaculture
- 27.4 Agriculture and Biotechnology
- 27.5 Food-Processing Technologies
- 27.6 Primary Food Processing
- Chapter 27 Summary
- Chapter 27 Know and Understand
- Chapter 27 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 27 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 27 STEM Applications
- Chapter 27 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 27 TSA Modular Activity
- Chapter 28 Meeting Needs Through Chemical Engineering
- Chapter 28 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 28 Technical Terms
- Chapter 28 Essential Question
- Chapter 28 Introduction
- 28.1 Chemical Engineering
- 28.2 Chemical Engineering Fundamentals
- 28.3 Chemistry
- 28.4 Structure and Properties of Matter
- 28.5 Chemical Reactions and Bonds
- 28.6 Chemical Equations
- 28.7 States of Matter
- 28.8 Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- 28.9 Chemical Engineering: Applications
- Chapter 28 Summary
- Chapter 28 Know and Understand
- Chapter 28 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 28 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 28 STEM Applications
- Chapter 28 Engineering Design Challenge
- Section 5 Engineering, Technology, and Society
- Chapter 29 Engineering and Technology: A Societal View
- Chapter 29 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 29 Technical Terms
- Chapter 29 Essential Question
- Chapter 29 Introduction
- 29.1 Technology and Natural Forces
- 29.2 Technology and the Future
- 29.3 Technology’s Challenges and Promises
- Chapter 29 Summary
- Chapter 29 Know and Understand
- Chapter 29 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 29 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 29 STEM Applications
- Chapter 29 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 30 Engineering and Technology: A Personal View
- Chapter 30 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 30 Technical Terms
- Chapter 30 Essential Question
- Chapter 30 Introduction
- 30.1 Technology and Lifestyle
- 30.2 Technology and Employment
- 30.3 Technology and Individual Control
- 30.4 Technology and Major Concerns
- 30.5 Technology and New Horizons
- Chapter 30 Summary
- Chapter 30 Know and Understand
- Chapter 30 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 30 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 30 STEM Applications
- Chapter 30 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 31 Managing and Organizing a Technological Enterprise
- Chapter 31 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 31 Technical Terms
- Chapter 31 Essential Question
- Chapter 31 Introduction
- 31.1 Technology and the Entrepreneur
- 31.2 Technology, Engineering, and Management
- 31.3 Risks and Rewards
- 31.4 Forming a Company
- Chapter 31 Summary
- Chapter 31 Know and Understand
- Chapter 31 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 31 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 31 STEM Applications
- Chapter 31 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 32 Operating a Technological Enterprise
- Chapter 32 Learning Objectives
- Chapter 32 Technical Terms
- Chapter 32 Essential Question
- Chapter 32 Introduction
- 32.1 Societal Institutions
- 32.2 Economic Enterprises
- 32.3 Areas of Industrial Activity
- 32.4 The Industry-Consumer Product Cycle
- Chapter 32 Summary
- Chapter 32 Know and Understand
- Chapter 32 Apply and Analyze
- Chapter 32 Critical Thinking
- Chapter 32 STEM Applications
- Chapter 32 Engineering Design Challenge
- Chapter 33 Understanding and Assessing the Impact of Engineering and Technology
- Glossary
- Index