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Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Handbook
amount of material at the right place at exactly the
right time. A 10°–20° entrance angle of the rod into the
weld pool should always be maintained.
Types of Beads/Passes
Welds made without any side-to-side movement
(oscillation) of the torch are called stringer beads, or
stringer passes. Welds made with side-to-side move-
ment of the torch are called weave beads. When a
weave bead is being made, fi ller metal should be
added at the edges of the weld pool to prevent under-
cutting. Figure 8-10 compares a stringer bead and a
weave bead. A technique known as walking, or rocking,
the cup is commonly used to create a weave pattern
in V-groove butt joints in thicker sections of material.
In this oscillation technique, the cup of the torch is
actually set on the base metal and rocked back and
forth, much like moving a refrigerator across the fl oor.
Walking or rocking the cup to make a weave pattern
takes a great deal of practice and determination.
A B
Figure 8-8.
The proper work and travel angles for making fi llet welds. A—Proper angles for T-joints and inside corner
joints. B—Proper angles for lap joints. (Mark Prosser)
Figure 8-9.
Welding rod held in this manner can be
added to the weld pool as needed. (Mark Prosser)
A B
Figure 8-10.
A stringer bead (A) is narrower than a weave bead (B). (Mark Prosser)