Chapter 8 Manual Welding Techniques
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Possible cause: Heat buildup in the weld pool.
Solution: Allow the plates to cool between passes.
2. Crooked or uneven beads.
Possible cause: Variation in the size and shape of
the weld pool.
Solution: Determine the size of each pass before
starting.
Solution: Determine the location of each pass
before starting.
Solution: Maintain the same pass dimensions for
the full length of the joint.
Welding Procedure Number 8-9
Weld joint type: T-joint
Position: Horizontal
Material type: Cold-rolled steel
Thickness: 1/16″ (1.6 mm)
Filler metal: ER70S-2 or 6 (welder’s
preference)
Diameter: .045″–.062″ (1.1 mm – 1.6 mm)
Machine setup: DCEN high-frequency start
Shielding gas: Argon
CFH: 15–25
Tungsten type: 1%, 1.5%, or 2% lanthanated,
ceriated, or thoriated
Diameter: 1/16″ (1.6 mm) (tapered)
Procedure:
1. Prepare and clean the materials.
2. Align the plates.
3. Tack weld the two plates at approximately right
angles.
4. Weld the joint using the torch and welding rod
angles shown in Figure 8-17.
A. Add the welding rod often and in small
amounts.
B. The fi ller metal will fl ow evenly to both pieces
and the crown should be fl at to slightly convex.
C. Feed the welding rod directly into the
intersection of the joint.
Problem Areas and Corrections:
1. Concave weld crown.
Possible cause: Insuffi cient fi ller.
Solution: Add welding rod more often.
2. Irregular crown height or width.
Possible cause: Improper feeding of welding rod.
Solution: Feed welding rod into the weld pool
often, and in small quantities.
Possible cause: Too large a welding rod size
causing irregular heating of the weld pool.
Solution: Use a smaller welding rod.
3. Concave root surface or melt-through.
Possible cause: Weld pool is too hot.
Solution: Use a smaller diameter welding rod and
add it often to control pool temperature.
Solution: Lower the amperage setting.
Welding Procedure Number 8-10
Weld joint type: T-joint
Position: Horizontal
Material type: Cold-rolled steel
Thickness: 11 gauge
Filler metal: ER70S-2 or 6
Diameter: 3/32″ (2.4 mm) or 1/8″ (3.2 mm)
(welder’s preference)
Machine setup: DCEN high-frequency start
Shielding gas: Argon
CFH: 15–25
Tungsten type: 1%, 1.5%, or 2% lanthanated,
ceriated, or thoriated
Diameter: 3/32″ (2.4 mm) (tapered)
Procedure:
1. Prepare and clean the materials.
2. Align the plates.
3. Tack weld the two plates at approximately right
angles.
4. Weld the root pass using the torch and welding rod
angles shown in Figure 8-17.
A. Add fi ller metal in small amounts.
B. Feed the welding rod directly into the
intersection of the joint for the root pass.
Figure 8-17.
Torch and welding rod positions for welding
a T-joint in the horizontal position. (Mark Prosser)