Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Chapter 8 Manual Welding Techniques 143 Possible cause: Heat buildup in the weld pool. Solution: Allow the plates to cool between passes. 2. Crooked or uneven beads. Possible cause: Variation in the size and shape of the weld pool. Solution: Determine the size of each pass before starting. Solution: Determine the location of each pass before starting. Solution: Maintain the same pass dimensions for the full length of the joint. Welding Procedure Number 8-9 Weld joint type: T-joint Position: Horizontal Material type: Cold-rolled steel Thickness: 1/16″ (1.6 mm) Filler metal: ER70S-2 or 6 (welder’s preference) Diameter: .045″–.062″ (1.1 mm – 1.6 mm) Machine setup: DCEN high-frequency start Shielding gas: Argon CFH: 15–25 Tungsten type: 1%, 1.5%, or 2% lanthanated, ceriated, or thoriated Diameter: 1/16″ (1.6 mm) (tapered) Procedure: 1. Prepare and clean the materials. 2. Align the plates. 3. Tack weld the two plates at approximately right angles. 4. Weld the joint using the torch and welding rod angles shown in Figure 8-17. A. Add the welding rod often and in small amounts. B. The filler metal will flow evenly to both pieces and the crown should be flat to slightly convex. C. Feed the welding rod directly into the intersection of the joint. Problem Areas and Corrections: 1. Concave weld crown. Possible cause: Insufficient filler. Solution: Add welding rod more often. 2. Irregular crown height or width. Possible cause: Improper feeding of welding rod. Solution: Feed welding rod into the weld pool often, and in small quantities. Possible cause: Too large a welding rod size causing irregular heating of the weld pool. Solution: Use a smaller welding rod. 3. Concave root surface or melt-through. Possible cause: Weld pool is too hot. Solution: Use a smaller diameter welding rod and add it often to control pool temperature. Solution: Lower the amperage setting. Welding Procedure Number 8-10 Weld joint type: T-joint Position: Horizontal Material type: Cold-rolled steel Thickness: 11 gauge Filler metal: ER70S-2 or 6 Diameter: 3/32″ (2.4 mm) or 1/8″ (3.2 mm) (welder’s preference) Machine setup: DCEN high-frequency start Shielding gas: Argon CFH: 15–25 Tungsten type: 1%, 1.5%, or 2% lanthanated, ceriated, or thoriated Diameter: 3/32″ (2.4 mm) (tapered) Procedure: 1. Prepare and clean the materials. 2. Align the plates. 3. Tack weld the two plates at approximately right angles. 4. Weld the root pass using the torch and welding rod angles shown in Figure 8-17. A. Add filler metal in small amounts. B. Feed the welding rod directly into the intersection of the joint for the root pass. Figure 8-17. Torch and welding rod positions for welding a T-joint in the horizontal position. (Mark Prosser)