viii Chapter 7 Orientation Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . 259 Orientation Tolerance Categories . . . . . . . 260 Symbols and Application . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Parallelism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Perpendicularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Angularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Tangent Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Combined Form and Orientation Tolerances . . 287 Chapter 8 Position Tolerancing Fundamentals. . . . 295 Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Effect of Material Condition Modifi ers . . . . . 301 Tolerance Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Verifying Position Tolerances . . . . . . . . . 310 Advantages of Position Tolerances. . . . . . . 314 Special Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Chapter 9 Position Tolerancing—Expanded Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Composite Position Tolerances . . . . . . . . 333 Functional Gaging of Position Tolerances . . . 341 Position Tolerance on Separate and Simultaneous Patterns . . . . . . . . . . 348 Symmetrical Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Past Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Chapter 10 Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Circular Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Total Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Runout Application on an Assembly . . . . . . 379 Chapter 11 Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Profi le Specifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 Achievable Levels of Profi le Tolerance—Single Segment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Achievable Levels of Profi le Tolerance—Multiple Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Advancing Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Past Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Chapter 12 Practical Applications and Calculation Methods. . . . . . . . . 421 Floating Fastener Condition . . . . . . . . . . 422 Fixed Fastener Condition . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Multiple Parts in Assembly . . . . . . . . . . 435 Zero Position Tolerance at MMC. . . . . . . . 441 Position Tolerance at LMC . . . . . . . . . . 443 Selection of the Applicable Tolerance and Modifi ers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 A1—Coordinate-to-Diameter Conversion Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 A2—Coordinate-to-Diameter Conversion Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 A3—Drill Size to Decimal Inch Diameter Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 B1—Current Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 B2—Symbols History. . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476