72 GMAW/FCAW Handbook Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the joint. Develop your welding skill so you can prop- erly fi ll the groove joint with a sound weld. fi Figure 7-8 shows the transverse gun angles (for initial setup only) and bead placement for horizontal multi-pass bevel groove and V-groove welds. Longi- tudinal angles are 10°–15° from the perpendicular position. Remember to make the weld beads smaller when welding out of position and always make stringer beads, not weave beads. Fill each layer from the bottom upward. Figure 7-9 shows the transverse gun angles (for initial welding setup) and bead placement for hori- zontal multipass fi llet welds. For a single pass weld, fi use the 45° angle and use the other angles for a multiple pass weld. On a horizontal multiple pass weld, always make the second pass on the bottom. The completed weld should have a slightly convex crown and equal length legs. The size of the fillet should be equal to the fi thickness of the thinnest material used in the joint. Figure 7-10 shows the gun angles for uphill welding (commonly called g vertical-up). In uphill welding, the weld is completed from the bottom of the joint upward to the top of groove and fillet welds. For fi fi llet welds, the bead placement is the same as for flat fi fl and horizontal welds. Weave beads can be used after the root pass is made and if the joint access is suffi-fi cient to accept the additional metal. Figure 7-11 shows the gun angles for downhill welding (commonly g called vertical-down). In downhill welding, the weld is completed from the top of the weld joint to the bottom of groove and fillet welds. fi Weld Bead Patterns The two types of patterns used for depositing metal are as follows: • Stringer bead pattern. In the stringer bead pattern, travel is along the joint with very little side-to-side motion. It may be made with a small zigzag motion or in a small circular motion. See Figure 7-12. As you practice these motions, vary your forward speed as necessary to maintain an even bead contour and shape. 1 & 2 3 4 4 3 2 Pass 1—90° Pass 2—90° 1 1 Pass 3—75°–80° Pass 4—75°–80° Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 7-7. Weld gun angles and bead placement for multipass groove welds in the flat position. Longitudinal angles are 10°–15° from the vertical position. The angles shown are initial transverse angles and may need to be adjusted for proper bead placement, depending on the joint’s bevel angles. 4 3 2 4 3 2 Pass 1 & 2—85°–90° Pass 3 & 4—75°–80° 1 & 2 3 4 1 & 2 3 4 Bevel Groove Weld V-Groove Weld 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 7-8. Horizontal groove-weld gun angles and bead placement. The initial gun transverse angles shown may need to be adjusted for proper bead placement, depending on the joint’s bevel angles. 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 Pass 1—45° Pass 2—35° Pass 3—55° Goodheart-Willcox Publisher Figure 7-9. Horizontal fillet weld gun angles and bead placement. Longitudinal angles are 10°–15° from the vertical position. The angles shown are initial transverse angles and may need to be adjusted based on the number of passes and the bead contour desired.